系统管理部分一:
分区、创建、查看、调整、挂载、文件系统的结构、硬链接、软链接
脚本"语法错误"非逻辑错误检测:
# bash -n script.sh
单独执行,脚本执行每个代码
# bash -x script.sh
+ 程序在执行
没有+ 程序过程中应该输出的信息
脚本的格式
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++非格式,用于分割++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
#!/bin/bash ##魔数
# Version: major.minor.release (主版本呈,次版本呈,发行号)
# Author: ##作者
# Description: ##对脚本的描述信息
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++非格式,用于分割++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
#号开头为注释
read命令
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1、查看所有内建命令 [root@localhost ~] # enable -a
enable .
... enable read ##内建命令
2、获取帮助 [root@localhost ~] # help read
Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.
一行从标准输入读入后,以空白字符切割此行成字段,对位保存字段至变量中 ******用于特殊场景,需要人参与的场景********** read [OPTIONS....] [name...]
-p "PROMPT" ## 提示
-t TIMEOUT ## 超时时长,单位为 秒
read -p "Enter a name: " name 相当于: echo -n "Enter a name: " ; read name
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使用示例
1、一行从标准输入读入后,切割此行成字段,对位保存字段至变量中
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[root@localhost ~] # read name
hello obama! [root@localhost ~] # echo $name
hello obama! [root@localhost ~] # read name
obama [root@localhost ~] # echo $name
obama |
2、对位保存字段释义,如果多余的位,变量为空
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[root@localhost ~] # read a b c
hello obama! [root@localhost ~] # echo $a
hello [root@localhost ~] # echo $b
obama! [root@localhost ~] # echo $c
[root@localhost ~] #
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3、等待用户输入命令
语法: read -p 'PROMPT' name
相当于: echo -n "PROMPT" ; read name
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[root@localhost ~] # printf "Enter a username: "; read name
Enter a username: obama [root@localhost ~] # echo $name
obama [root@localhost ~] #
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4、避免用户不输入,堵塞在此处,给出超时。此时变量为空
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[root@localhost ~] # read -t 5 -p 'Enter a name: ' name
Enter a name: [root@localhost ~] # echo $name
[root@localhost ~] #
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脚本示例:
提示用户输入一个设备文件,存在则显示磁盘信息。
1、脚本
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#!/bin/bash # Version: 0.0.1 # Author: Lcc.org # Desc: read testing read -t 5 -p 'Enter a disk special file: ' diskfile
[ -n "$diskfile" ] || exit 1 ## 不存在,则退出
if fdisk -l | fgrep "Disk $diskfile" > /dev/null 2>&1
then fdisk -l $diskfile ## 条件的执行状态结果为0
exit 0
else echo "No such file." ## 条件的执行状态结果不为0
exit 1
fi |
2、检测语法错误
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[root@localhost scripts] # bash -n test.sh
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3、给x权限
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[root@localhost scripts] # chmod +x test.sh
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4、给一个路径测试
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1、正确路径 [root@localhost scripts] # ./test.sh
Enter a disk special file : /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda : 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors /track , 15665 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical /physical ): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I /O size (minimum /optimal ): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000777f3 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 12813 102400000 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 12813 14118 10489811 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 14119 15665 12426277+ 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 14119 15424 10490413+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
2、错误路径 [root@localhost scripts] # ./test.sh
Enter a disk special file : how
No such file .
[root@localhost scripts] # echo $?
1 [root@localhost scripts] #
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本文转自 lccnx 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/sonlich/1955162,如需转载请自行联系原作者