Docker笔记(进阶篇)— Docker Compose

Docker Compose

1、简介

官方介绍

Compose is a tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications. With Compose, you use a YAML file to configure your application’s services. Then, with a single command, you create and start all the services from your configuration. To learn more about all the features of Compose, see the list of features.

  • 如何定义、运行多个容器
  • YAML file 配置文件
  • single commend 有哪些

Compose works in all environments: production, staging, development, testing, as well as CI workflows. You can learn more about each case in Common Use Cases.

  • 所有的环境都可以使用Docker Compose

Using Compose is basically a three-step process: 使用的三个步骤

  1. Define your app’s environment with a Dockerfile so it can be reproduced anywhere.

    Dockerfile 保证我们的项目(app)可以在任何地方运行

  2. Define the services that make up your app in docker-compose.yml so they can be run together in an isolated environment.

    进行配置服务在YAML配置文件当中

  3. Run docker compose up and the Docker compose command starts and runs your entire app. You can alternatively run docker-compose up using the docker-compose binary.

    启动我们的项目(app)

总结:批量的容器编排 ,可以管理多个服务(容器)

Compose 是Docker官方的一个开源项目,所以需要安装!

配置文件:docker-compose.yml

version: "3.9"  # optional since v1.27.0
services:
  web:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "5000:5000"
    volumes:
      - .:/code
      - logvolume01:/var/log
    links:
      - redis
  redis:
    image: redis
volumes:
  logvolume01: {}

我们的任务就是编写这样一个配置文件,管理我们的多个服务(容器)

实现通过docker-compose up 同时启动多个服务

2、安装 Compose

地址:https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/

Docker笔记(进阶篇)— Docker Compose

1、下载Docker-Compose

#安装在Linux系统中
csudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.29.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

#安装太慢的 把github源换成get.daocloud.io
curl -L https://get.daocloud.io/docker/compose/releases/download/1.29.2/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

去到安装目录检查:下载成功!

Docker笔记(进阶篇)— Docker Compose

2、设置文件可执行权限

 sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

3、查看版本信息

docker-compose -version

Docker笔记(进阶篇)— Docker Compose

4、卸载Docker-Compose

sudo rm /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

3、快速体验Docker Compose

参考文档:https://docs.docker.com/compose/gettingstarted/

1、创建目录,所有操作都在这个目录下进行

 mkdir composetest
 cd composetest

2、创建一个py应用,(类似统计浏览次数,计数器)

import time
				
import redis				#导入了我们的redis
from flask import Flask		#导入了我们的Flask(python的一个框架依赖)

app = Flask(__name__)
cache = redis.Redis(host='redis', port=6379)

def get_hit_count():
    retries = 5
    while True:
        try:
            return cache.incr('hits')				
        except redis.exceptions.ConnectionError as exc:
            if retries == 0:
                raise exc
            retries -= 1
            time.sleep(0.5)

@app.route('/')
def hello():
    count = get_hit_count()
    return 'Hello World! I have been seen {} times.\n'.format(count)

3、创建一个配置文本requirements.txt

flask
redis

4、创建Dockerfile

# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
FROM python:3.7-alpine
WORKDIR /code
ENV FLASK_APP=app.py
ENV FLASK_RUN_HOST=0.0.0.0
RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev linux-headers
COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
EXPOSE 5000
COPY . .
CMD ["flask", "run"]

5、创建docker-compose.yml

version: "3.9"
services:
  web:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "5000:5000"
  redis:
    image: "redis:alpine"

6、启动

docker-compose up

启动成功!

Docker笔记(进阶篇)— Docker Compose

测试结果

Docker笔记(进阶篇)— Docker Compose

hh,一键启动两个应用确实舒服!

4、Docker Compose默认配置

1、自动下载配置文件docker-compose.yml中的镜像

Docker笔记(进阶篇)— Docker Compose

2、自动生成服务名字 文件名_服务名 _num

Starting composetest_web_1   ... done   #web服务
Starting composetest_redis_1 ... done	#redis服务

3、网络规则

Docker笔记(进阶篇)— Docker Compose

默认会生成一个网络,10个服务=>网络(项目中的内容都在同一个网络下,容器名访问)

Docker笔记(进阶篇)— Docker Compose

在同一个网络下可以直接通过容器名(域名)访问

4、停止

  • docker-compose down :需要在compose的yaml配置文件目录执行,不然是找不到的!
  • ctrl + c

小节

1、Docker镜像,run ==> 容器

2、Dockerfile构建镜像(服务打包)

3、docker-compose启动项目(编排,多个微服务/环境)

4、Docker网络!

5、项目需要更新,docker compose up --build 即可

5、Compose编写配置规则

参考文档 : https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/compose-file-v3/

核心:编写 docker-compose.yaml

#3层
version: ''  #版本
services: 	 #服务
	服务1: web
		#服务配置 docker容器的配置  
		images: 
		build: 
		network:
		depends_on:       #depents_on: web服务依赖redis和mysql,让他们先启动!(这就是编排的原因)
			-redis
			-mysql
	服务2: redis
		...
	服务2: mysql
		...
#其他配置  网络/卷、全局规则
volumes: 
network:
configs:

1、版本选择

Docker笔记(进阶篇)— Docker Compose

2、服务相关配置

Docker笔记(进阶篇)— Docker Compose

6、Compose一键部署WP博客

参考文档 :https://docs.docker.com/samples/wordpress/

1、创建目录并进入目录

mkdir my_wordpress/
cd my_wordpress/

2、编写docker-compose.yml

version: "3.9"
    
services:
  db:
    image: mysql:5.7
    volumes:
      - db_data:/var/lib/mysql
    restart: always
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: somewordpress
      MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress
      MYSQL_USER: wordpress
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: wordpress
    
  wordpress:
    depends_on:
      - db
    image: wordpress:latest
    volumes:
      - wordpress_data:/var/www/html
    ports:
      - "8000:80"
    restart: always
    environment:
      WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db:3306
      WORDPRESS_DB_USER: wordpress
      WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: wordpress
      WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: wordpress
volumes:
  db_data: {}
  wordpress_data: {}

3、我们服务器的8000端口放行

Docker笔记(进阶篇)— Docker Compose

4、启动Compose

docker-compose up -d

Docker笔记(进阶篇)— Docker Compose

5、检测容器是否启动

docker ps

Docker笔记(进阶篇)— Docker Compose

6、访问测试:http://qxsong.top:8000/(自己的ip+8000端口)

Docker笔记(进阶篇)— Docker Compose

收工!!!

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