面向C/C++的json解析和合成的第三方库cJson

        我们在项目中经常要用到json格式数据进行通讯,特别是还要做ARM开发板上实现,处理JSON,自己手撕数据处理是件麻烦的事情,不过现在我们有第三方库了!那就是cJson!


环境准备

cJson官方库:

https://github.com/DaveGamble/cJSON面向C/C++的json解析和合成的第三方库cJsonhttps://github.com/DaveGamble/cJSON或者:

git clone https://github.com/DaveGamble/cJSON

只需要保留cJSON.c和cJSON.h两个核心文件。


通俗讲解

首先呢,cJSON提供了一种变量类型叫cJSON,我们通过看cJSON.h文件可知其是个结构体:

/* The cJSON structure: */
typedef struct cJSON
{
    /* next/prev allow you to walk array/object chains. Alternatively, use GetArraySize/GetArrayItem/GetObjectItem */
    struct cJSON *next;
    struct cJSON *prev;
    /* An array or object item will have a child pointer pointing to a chain of the items in the array/object. */
    struct cJSON *child;

    /* The type of the item, as above. */
    int type;

    /* The item's string, if type==cJSON_String  and type == cJSON_Raw */
    char *valuestring;
    /* writing to valueint is DEPRECATED, use cJSON_SetNumberValue instead */
    int valueint;
    /* The item's number, if type==cJSON_Number */
    double valuedouble;

    /* The item's name string, if this item is the child of, or is in the list of subitems of an object. */
    char *string;
} cJSON;

从这个结构体可以看出,这个json结构体内容支持JSON对象,整数,字符串,双精度浮点数。

要从一个json数据的节点中获取节点下数据,可以通过如下函数:

/* Returns the number of items in an array (or object). */
CJSON_PUBLIC(int) cJSON_GetArraySize(const cJSON *array);
/* Retrieve item number "index" from array "array". Returns NULL if unsuccessful. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_GetArrayItem(const cJSON *array, int index);
/* Get item "string" from object. Case insensitive. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_GetObjectItem(const cJSON * const object, const char * const string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(const cJSON * const object, const char * const string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_HasObjectItem(const cJSON *object, const char *string);
/* For analysing failed parses. This returns a pointer to the parse error. You'll probably need to look a few chars back to make sense of it. Defined when cJSON_Parse() returns 0. 0 when cJSON_Parse() succeeds. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(const char *) cJSON_GetErrorPtr(void);

/* Check item type and return its value */
CJSON_PUBLIC(char *) cJSON_GetStringValue(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(double) cJSON_GetNumberValue(const cJSON * const item);

其中,比较常用的有

/* 获取节点下的json数据 */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_GetObjectItem(const cJSON * const object, const char * const string);
/* 获取节点下的字符数据 */
CJSON_PUBLIC(char *) cJSON_GetStringValue(const cJSON * const item);
/* 获取节点下的数字数据 */
CJSON_PUBLIC(double) cJSON_GetNumberValue(const cJSON * const item);

cJson提供了不少创建或者添加对象的方法:

/* These calls create a cJSON item of the appropriate type. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateNull(void);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateTrue(void);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateFalse(void);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateBool(cJSON_bool boolean);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateNumber(double num);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateString(const char *string);
/* raw json */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateRaw(const char *raw);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateArray(void);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateObject(void);

/* Create a string where valuestring references a string so
 * it will not be freed by cJSON_Delete */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateStringReference(const char *string);
/* Create an object/array that only references it's elements so
 * they will not be freed by cJSON_Delete */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateObjectReference(const cJSON *child);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateArrayReference(const cJSON *child);

/* These utilities create an Array of count items.
 * The parameter count cannot be greater than the number of elements in the number array, otherwise array access will be out of bounds.*/
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateIntArray(const int *numbers, int count);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateFloatArray(const float *numbers, int count);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateDoubleArray(const double *numbers, int count);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateStringArray(const char *const *strings, int count);

/* Append item to the specified array/object. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_AddItemToArray(cJSON *array, cJSON *item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_AddItemToObject(cJSON *object, const char *string, cJSON *item);
/* Use this when string is definitely const (i.e. a literal, or as good as), and will definitely survive the cJSON object.
 * WARNING: When this function was used, make sure to always check that (item->type & cJSON_StringIsConst) is zero before
 * writing to `item->string` */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_AddItemToObjectCS(cJSON *object, const char *string, cJSON *item);
/* Append reference to item to the specified array/object. Use this when you want to add an existing cJSON to a new cJSON, but don't want to corrupt your existing cJSON. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_AddItemReferenceToArray(cJSON *array, cJSON *item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_AddItemReferenceToObject(cJSON *object, const char *string, cJSON *item);

不止有添加或者说创建,还有删除。

/* Remove/Detach items from Arrays/Objects. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemViaPointer(cJSON *parent, cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemFromArray(cJSON *array, int which);
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_DeleteItemFromArray(cJSON *array, int which);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemFromObject(cJSON *object, const char *string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemFromObjectCaseSensitive(cJSON *object, const char *string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_DeleteItemFromObject(cJSON *object, const char *string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_DeleteItemFromObjectCaseSensitive(cJSON *object, const char *string);

不过删除功能一般不常用,甚至还有替换对象,这个功能同学们就自行看库源代码进行使用吧,此处不做过多讲解。


库的基本使用流程

使用这个库很简单,只需要将那两个核心文件添加到项目路径。

#include"cJSON.h"

即可开始使用这个库里的任何函数啦。


基本实例--从json数据格式的字符串里获取数据

来个经典案例,要解析的json数据如下:

{
    "semantic": {
        "slots":    {
            "name": "张三"
        }
    },
    "rc":   0,
    "operation":    "CALL",
    "service":  "telephone",
    "text": "打电话给张三"
}

解析代码如下:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "cJSON.h"
 
void printJson(cJSON * root)//以递归的方式打印json的最内层键值对
{
    for(int i=0; i<cJSON_GetArraySize(root); i++)   //遍历最外层json键值对
    {
        cJSON * item = cJSON_GetArrayItem(root, i);        
        if(cJSON_Object == item->type)      //如果对应键的值仍为cJSON_Object就递归调用printJson
            printJson(item);
        else                                //值不为json对象就直接打印出键和值
        {
            printf("%s->", item->string);
            printf("%s\n", cJSON_Print(item));
        }
    }
}
 
int main()
{
    char * jsonStr = "{\"semantic\":{\"slots\":{\"name\":\"张三\"}}, \"rc\":0, \"operation\":\"CALL\", \"service\":\"telephone\", \"text\":\"打电话给张三\"}";
    cJSON * root = NULL;
    cJSON * item = NULL;//cjson对象
 
    root = cJSON_Parse(jsonStr);     
    if (!root) 
    {
        printf("Error before: [%s]\n",cJSON_GetErrorPtr());
    }
    else
    {
        printf("%s\n", "有格式的方式打印Json:");           
        printf("%s\n\n", cJSON_Print(root));
        printf("%s\n", "无格式方式打印json:");
        printf("%s\n\n", cJSON_PrintUnformatted(root));
 
        printf("%s\n", "一步一步的获取name 键值对:");
        printf("%s\n", "获取semantic下的cjson对象:");
        item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "semantic");//
        printf("%s\n", cJSON_Print(item));
        printf("%s\n", "获取slots下的cjson对象");
        item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "slots");
        printf("%s\n", cJSON_Print(item));
        printf("%s\n", "获取name下的cjson对象");
        item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "name");
        printf("%s\n", cJSON_Print(item));
 
        printf("%s:", item->string);   //看一下cjson对象的结构体中这两个成员的意思
        printf("%s\n", item->valuestring);
                        
 
        printf("\n%s\n", "打印json所有最内层键值对:");
        printJson(root);
    }
    return 0;    
}

基本实例--生成json格式的字符串数据

来个经典案例,要生成的json数据如下:

{
    "semantic": {
        "slots":    {
            "name": "张三"
        }
    },
    "rc":   0,
    "operation":    "CALL",
    "service":  "telephone",
    "text": "打电话给张三"
}

生成代码如下:

#include <stdio.h>
#include "cJSON.h"
 
int main()
{
    cJSON * root =  cJSON_CreateObject();
    cJSON * item =  cJSON_CreateObject();
    cJSON * next =  cJSON_CreateObject();
 
    cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "rc", cJSON_CreateNumber(0));//根节点下添加
    cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "operation", cJSON_CreateString("CALL"));
    cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "service", cJSON_CreateString("telephone"));
    cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "text", cJSON_CreateString("打电话给张三"));
    cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "semantic", item);//root节点下添加semantic节点
    cJSON_AddItemToObject(item, "slots", next);//semantic节点下添加item节点
    cJSON_AddItemToObject(next, "name", cJSON_CreateString("张三"));//添加name节点
 
    printf("%s\n", cJSON_Print(root));
 
    return 0;
}

 要使用json对象,就得创建json对象!再在其中添加键值对。


简评

        cJson简直是简单上手的第三方库。官网下载的文件中也包含了充足的示例程序,非常好!

        笔者曾经亲测过,在stm32F103和stm32F411上都可以跑这个库,实现串口收发json数据包。

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