jieba库

概述

jieba是优秀的中文分词第三库

安装

pip install jieba

三种模式

精确模式：把文本精确的切分开，不存在冗余单词

全模式：把文本中所有可能的词语都扫描出来，有冗余

搜索引擎模式：在精确模式基础上，对长词再次切分

jieba常用函数

函数	描述
jieba.lcut(s)	精确模式，返回一个列表类型的分词结果 jieba.lcut("中国是一个伟大的国家")
jieba.lcut(s,cut_all=True)	全模式，返回一个列表类型的分词结果，存在冗余 jieba.lcut("中国是一个伟大的国家",cut_all=True)
jieba.lcut_for_search(s)	搜索引擎模式，返回一个列表类型的分词结果，存在冗余 jieba.lcut_for_search("*是伟大的")
jieba.add_word(w)	向分词词典增加新词w jieba.add_word("蟒蛇语言")

实例

#CalHamletV1.py
def getText():
    txt = open("hamlet.txt", "r").read()
    txt = txt.lower()
    for ch in '!"#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_‘{|}~':
        txt = txt.replace(ch, " ")   #将文本中特殊字符替换为空格
    return txt

hamletTxt = getText()
words  = hamletTxt.split()
counts = {}
for word in words:            
    counts[word] = counts.get(word,0) + 1
items = list(counts.items())
items.sort(key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True) 
for i in range(10):
    word, count = items[i]
    print ("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word, count))

Hamlet词频统计

#CalThreeKingdomsV1.py
import jieba
txt = open("threekingdoms.txt", "r", encoding='utf-8').read()
words  = jieba.lcut(txt)
counts = {}
for word in words:
    if len(word) == 1:
        continue
    else:
        counts[word] = counts.get(word,0) + 1
items = list(counts.items())
items.sort(key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True) 
for i in range(15):
    word, count = items[i]
    print ("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word, count))

《三国演义》人物出场统计（上）

#CalThreeKingdomsV2.py
import jieba
excludes = {"将军","却说","荆州","二人","不可","不能","如此"}
txt = open("threekingdoms.txt", "r", encoding='utf-8').read()
words  = jieba.lcut(txt)
counts = {}
for word in words:
    if len(word) == 1:
        continue
    elif word == "诸葛亮" or word == "孔明曰":
        rword = "孔明"
    elif word == "关公" or word == "云长":
        rword = "关羽"
    elif word == "玄德" or word == "玄德曰":
        rword = "刘备"
    elif word == "孟德" or word == "丞相":
        rword = "曹操"
    else:
        rword = word
    counts[rword] = counts.get(rword,0) + 1
for word in excludes:
    del counts[word]
items = list(counts.items())
items.sort(key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True) 
for i in range(10):
    word, count = items[i]
    print ("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word, count))

《三国演义》人物出场统计（下）