Python——字典操作

# 字典是一个无序的数据集合,输出顺序和定义并不一定一样
"""
字典用键值对存储数据,键值对之间使用,分隔。
键是索引且唯一,只能使用字符串、数字或元组
值是数据,可取任何数据类型
"""
xiaoming = {"name": "小明",
            "age": 18,
            "gender" : True,
            "height" : 1.75,
            "weight" : 75.5}

print(xiaoming)

# 字典的增删改查
xiaoming_dict = {"name": "xiaoming"}
# 1.取值(取值时,key不存在会报错)
print(xiaoming_dict["name"])
# 2.增加/修改
# 如果key存在,会修改。不存在,会增加
xiaoming_dict["age"] = 18
print(xiaoming_dict)
xiaoming_dict["name"] = "小小明"
print(xiaoming_dict)
# 3.删除
xiaoming_dict.pop("name")
print(xiaoming_dict)

# 字典统计、合并与清空
xiaohua_dict = {"name": "小华",
                "age": 20}
print(len(xiaohua_dict)) # 统计键值对数量

temp_dict = {"height": 1.80,
             "age": 21}
xiaohua_dict.update(temp_dict) # 如果被合并的字典包含已经存在的键值对,会覆盖原有的键值对
print(xiaohua_dict)

xiaohua_dict.clear() # 调用clear方法,清空所有键值对
print(xiaohua_dict)

# 字典的循环遍历
xiaoming_dict = {"name": "小明",
                 "qq": "123456",
                 "phone": "10086"}
# 变量K是每一次循环中,获取到的键值对的key
for k in xiaoming_dict:
    print("%s - %s" % (k, xiaoming_dict[k]))

运行结果:
{‘name’: ‘小明’, ‘age’: 18, ‘gender’: True, ‘height’: 1.75, ‘weight’: 75.5}
xiaoming
{‘name’: ‘xiaoming’, ‘age’: 18}
{‘name’: ‘小小明’, ‘age’: 18}
{‘age’: 18}
2
{‘name’: ‘小华’, ‘age’: 21, ‘height’: 1.8}
{}
name - 小明
qq - 123456
phone - 10086

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