控制文件读写内容的模式 t: 1、读写都是以 字符串(unicode)为单位 2、只能针对文本文件 3、必须指定字符编码,即必须指定encoding参数 b:binary模式 1、读写都是以bytes为单位 2、可以针对所有文件 3、一定不能指定字符编码,即一定不能指定encoding参数 总结: 1、在操作纯文本文件方面t模式帮我们省去了编码与解码的环节,b模式则需要手动编码与解码,所以此时t模式更为方便 2、针对非文本文件(如图片、视频、音频等)只能使用b模式 """ # 错误演示:t模式只能读文本文件,不能读视频,图片等 不然报错 UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xff in position 0: invalid start byte # with open(r'爱nmlgb的爱情.mp4',mode='rt') as f: # f.read() # 硬盘的二进制读入内存-》t模式会将读入内存的内容进行decode解码操作 # # with open(r'test.jpg',mode='rb',encoding='utf-8') as f: # res=f.read() # 硬盘的二进制读入内存—>b模式下,不做任何转换,直接读入内存 # print(res) # bytes类型—》当成二进制 # print(type(res)) #byte类型 # with open(r'd.txt',mode='rb') as f: # res=f.read() # utf-8的二进制 # print(res,type(res)) # # print(res.decode('utf-8')) # with open(r'd.txt',mode='rt',encoding='utf-8') as f: # res=f.read() # utf-8的二进制->unicode # print(res) # with open(r'e.txt',mode='wb') as f: # f.write('你好hello'.encode('gbk')) #文件是以什么格式存储,就以什么格式打开 # with open(r'f.txt',mode='wb') as f: # f.write('你好hello'.encode('utf-8')) # f.write('哈哈哈'.encode('gbk')) # 文件拷贝工具 src_file=input('源文件路径>>: ').strip() dst_file=input('源文件路径>>: ').strip() with open(r'{}'.format(src_file),mode='rb') as f1,\ open(r'{}'.format(dst_file),mode='wb') as f2: # res=f1.read() #内存占用过大,可能会超过pc内存限制 # f2.write(res) # 第二种方法, for line in f1: f2.write(line) # 循环读取文件 # 方式一:自己控制每次读取的数据的数据量 # with open(r'test.jpg',mode='rb') as f: # while True: # res=f.read(1024) # 1024 # if len(res) == 0: # break # print(len(res)) # 方式二:以行为单位读,当一行内容过长时会导致一次性读入内容的数据量过大 # with open(r'g.txt',mode='rt',encoding='utf-8') as f: # for line in f: # print(len(line),line) # with open(r'g.txt',mode='rb') as f: # for line in f: # print(line) #同上 # with open(r'test.jpg',mode='rb') as f: # for line in f: # print(line)
文件的操作方法
# 一:读相关操作 # 1、readline:一次读一行 # with open(r'g.txt',mode='rt',encoding='utf-8') as f: # # res1=f.readline() # # res2=f.readline() # # print(res2) # # while True: # line=f.readline() # if len(line) == 0: # break # print(line) # 2、readlines: # with open(r'g.txt',mode='rt',encoding='utf-8') as f: # res=f.readlines() # print(res) # 强调: # f.read()与f.readlines()都是将内容一次性读入内存,如果内容过大会导致内存溢出,若还想将内容全读入内存, # 二:写相关操作 # f.writelines(): # with open('h.txt',mode='wt',encoding='utf-8') as f: # # f.write('1111\n222\n3333\n') # # # l=['11111\n','2222','3333',4444] # l=['11111\n','2222','3333'] # # for line in l: # # f.write(line) # f.writelines(l) # with open('h.txt', mode='wb') as f: # # l = [ # # '1111aaa1\n'.encode('utf-8'), # # '222bb2'.encode('utf-8'), # # '33eee33'.encode('utf-8') # # ] # # # 补充1:如果是纯英文字符,可以直接加前缀b得到bytes类型 # # l = [ # # b'1111aaa1\n', # # b'222bb2', # # b'33eee33' # # ] # # # 补充2:'上'.encode('utf-8') 等同于bytes('上',encoding='utf-8') # l = [ # bytes('上啊',encoding='utf-8'), # bytes('冲呀',encoding='utf-8'), # bytes('小垃圾们',encoding='utf-8'), # ] # f.writelines(l) # 3、flush: # with open('h.txt', mode='wt',encoding='utf-8') as f: # f.write('哈') # # f.flush()
文件指针
# 指针移动的单位都是以bytes/字节为单位 # 只有一种情况特殊: # t模式下的read(n),n代表的是字符个数 # with open('aaa.txt',mode='rt',encoding='utf-8') as f: # res=f.read(4) # print(res) # f.seek(n,模式):n指的是移动的字节个数 # 模式: # 模式0:参照物是文件开头位置 # f.seek(9,0) # f.seek(3,0) # 3 # 模式1:参照物是当前指针所在位置 # f.seek(9,1) # f.seek(3,1) # 12 # 模式2:参照物是文件末尾位置,应该倒着移动 # f.seek(-9,2) # 3 # f.seek(-3,2) # 9 # 强调:只有0模式可以在t下使用,1、2必须在b模式下用 # f.tell() # 获取文件指针当前位置 # 示范 # with open('aaa.txt',mode='rb') as f: # f.seek(9,0) # f.seek(3,0) # 3 # # print(f.tell()) # f.seek(4,0) # res=f.read() # print(res.decode('utf-8')) # with open('aaa.txt',mode='rb') as f: # f.seek(9,1) # f.seek(3,1) # 12 # print(f.tell()) # with open('aaa.txt',mode='rb') as f: # f.seek(-9,2) # # print(f.tell()) # f.seek(-3,2) # # print(f.tell()) # print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))