多对多--ManyToMany
应用场景
在某表中创建一行数据时,有一个可以多选的下拉框(一对一是单选框)
例如:创建用户信息,需要为用户指定多个爱好
创建表
两种方法,一个是利用Django自动为多对多创建关联的第三张表,另一种是自己手动创建关系表。
NO.1
根据Django中的代码,自动为多对多表创建一个第三张表对应关系
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class Host(models.Model):
hostname = models.CharField(max_length = 32 )
port = models.IntegerField()
class HostAdmin(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length = 32 )
email = models.CharField(max_length = 32 )
host = models.ManyToManyField(Host)
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NO.2
自定义多对多表,没有ORM都是自己生成
models.py
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class Host1(models.Model):
hostname = models.CharField(max_length = 32 )
port = models.IntegerField()
class HostAdmin1(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length = 32 )
email = models.CharField(max_length = 32 )
host = models.ManyToManyField(Host1, through = 'HostRelation' )
class HostRelation(models.Model):
c1 = models.ForeignKey(Host1)
c2 = models.ForeignKey(HostAdmin1)
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view.py
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#多对多自定义创建表 models.HostRelation.objects.create(
c1 = models.Host1.objects.get( id = 1 ),
c2 = models.HostAdmin1.objects.get( id = 2 )
)
models.HostRelation.objects.create(
c1_id = 2 ,
c2_id = 1
)
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创建数据
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初始化数据 models.Host.objects.create(hostname = 'c1' ,port = 80 )
models.Host.objects.create(hostname = 'c2' ,port = 80 )
models.Host.objects.create(hostname = 'c3' ,port = 80 )
models.HostAdmin.objects.create(username = 'root' ,email = '1@live.com' )
models.HostAdmin.objects.create(username = 'dali' ,email = 'dali@live.com' )
models.HostAdmin.objects.create(username = 'haojie' ,email = 'haojie@live.com' )
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添加数据
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#正向添加 #目的,给大力分配两个主机的管理权限
#1、获取大力用户
admin_obj = models.HostAdmin.objects.get(username = 'dali' )
#2、获取指定的两个主机
host_list = models.Host.objects. filter (id__lt = 3 )
#3、将两个主机和大力添加到第三张对应表中
admin_obj.host.add( * host_list)
#反向添加
host_obj = models.Host.objects.get( id = 3 )
admin_list = models.HostAdmin.objects. filter (id__gt = 1 )
host_obj.hostadmin_set.add( * admin_list)
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查询数据
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#查询数据 #第一种方式
#正向查
admin_obj = models.HostAdmin.objects. all ( id = 1 )
for item in admin_obj:
item.host. all ()
#反向查
host_obj = models.Host.objects.get( id = 1 )
host_obj.hostadmin_set. all ()
#第二种方式
relation_list = models.HostRelation.objects. all ()
relation_list = models.HostRelation.objects. filter (c2__username = 'dali' )
for item in relation_list:
print item.c1.hostname
print item.c2.username
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