实现的效果为：

1、勾选查询，新增、修改、删除不选中。

2、勾选新增、修改、或删除，查询选中。

3、查询取消勾选，则新增、修改、删除都取消勾选

4、新增、修改、删除任何一个取消勾选，查询不取消勾选

5、同一个菜单下，查询接口和当前接口下的操作按钮需要分组

数据结构如下：

 [
        {
          id: 'shchapi',
          code: 'shchapi',
          bizSysCode: 'shchapi',
          name: '主应用',
          menuSeqId: 1,
          parent: null,
          children: [
            {
              id: 'departmentManagement',
              code: 'departmentManagement',
              name: '部门管理',
              menuSeqId: 1,
              parent: 'shchapi',
              menuUrl: 'departmentManagement/department',
              children: [
                {
                  id: 'department:query',
                  code: 'department:query',
                  name: '查询',
                  parent: 'departmentManagement',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/query',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'department',
                      isQuery: '1'
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  id: 'department:add',
                  code: 'department:add',
                  name: '新增',
                  parent: 'departmentManagement',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/add',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'department',
                      isQuery: '0'
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  id: 'department:edit',
                  code: 'department:edit',
                  name: '修改',
                  parent: 'departmentManagement',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/edit',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'department',
                      isQuery: '0'
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  id: 'department:delete',
                  code: 'department:delete',
                  name: '删除',
                  parent: 'departmentManagement',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/delete',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'department',
                      isQuery: '0'
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              id: 'departmentApplication',
              code: 'departmentApplication',
              name: '部门申请',
              parent: 'departmentManagement',
              menuSeqId: 1,
              menuUrl: 'departmentManagement/departmentApplication',
              children: [
                {
                  id: 'departmentApplication:query',
                  code: 'departmentApplication:query',
                  name: '待复核（查询）',
                  parent: 'departmentApplication',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/query',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'departmentApplication:review',
                      isQuery: '1'
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  id: 'departmentApplication:review:review',
                  code: 'departmentApplication:review:review',
                  name: '待复核（复核）',
                  parent: 'departmentApplication',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/review',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'departmentApplication:review',
                      isQuery: '0'
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  id: 'departmentApplication:review:revoke',
                  code: 'departmentApplication:review:revoke',
                  name: '待复核（撤销）',
                  parent: 'departmentApplication',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/edit',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'departmentApplication:review',
                      isQuery: '0'
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  id: 'departmentApplication:review:export',
                  code: 'departmentApplication:review:export',
                  name: '待复核（下载）',
                  parent: 'departmentApplication',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/delete',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'departmentApplication:review',
                      isQuery: '0'
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  id: 'departmentApplication:reviewed:query',
                  code: 'departmentApplication:reviewed:query',
                  name: '已复核（查询）',
                  parent: 'departmentApplication',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/edit',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'departmentApplication:reviewed',
                      isQuery: '1'
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  id: 'departmentApplication:reviewed:export',
                  code: 'departmentApplication:reviewed:export',
                  name: '已复核（下载）',
                  parent: 'departmentApplication',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/edit',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'departmentApplication:reviewed',
                      isQuery: '0'
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      ]

具体代码实现如下：

<template>
  <el-tree
    ref="treeRef"
    class="permission-tree"
    node-key="id"
    show-checkbox
    :data="treeData1"
    :expand-on-click-node="false"
    :check-on-click-node="true"
    :props="{
      children: 'children',
      label: 'name',
      value: 'code'
    }"
    v-bind="$attrs"
    @check="handleCheck"
  >
  </el-tree>
</template>

<script>
/**
 * 根据公共前缀进行分组
 * btnGroup 数组中 commonPrefix 值一致为一组
 * **/
const groupByCommonPrefix = (actions) => {
  const groupedActions = {};
  actions.forEach((action) => {
    const commonPrefix = action.btnGroup[0].commonPrefix;
    if (!groupedActions[commonPrefix]) {
      groupedActions[commonPrefix] = [];
    }
    groupedActions[commonPrefix].push(action);
  });

  return groupedActions;
};

/**
 * groupedActions: 通过公共前缀分组后的数据
 * commonPrefix: 公共前缀
 * isQuery: 1:是查询接口; 0:普通操作按钮
 * 返回 isQuery 为 1 的数据
 * **/
const findByIsQuery = (groupedActions, commonPrefix, isQuery) => {
  if (!(commonPrefix in groupedActions)) {
    return [];
  }
  return groupedActions[commonPrefix].filter(
    (action) => action.btnGroup[0].isQuery == isQuery
  );
};

export default {
  name: 'permissionTree',
  props: {
    treeData: {
      type: Array,
      default: () => []
    },
    props: {
      type: Object,
      default: () => ({
        children: 'children',
        label: 'name',
        value: 'code'
      })
    }
  },
  data() {
    return {
      treeData1: [
        {
          id: 'shchapi',
          code: 'shchapi',
          bizSysCode: 'shchapi',
          name: '主应用',
          menuSeqId: 1,
          parent: null,
          children: [
            {
              id: 'departmentManagement',
              code: 'departmentManagement',
              name: '部门管理',
              menuSeqId: 1,
              parent: 'shchapi',
              menuUrl: 'departmentManagement/department',
              children: [
                {
                  id: 'department:query',
                  code: 'department:query',
                  name: '查询',
                  parent: 'departmentManagement',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/query',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'department',
                      isQuery: '1'
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  id: 'department:add',
                  code: 'department:add',
                  name: '新增',
                  parent: 'departmentManagement',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/add',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'department',
                      isQuery: '0'
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  id: 'department:edit',
                  code: 'department:edit',
                  name: '修改',
                  parent: 'departmentManagement',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/edit',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'department',
                      isQuery: '0'
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  id: 'department:delete',
                  code: 'department:delete',
                  name: '删除',
                  parent: 'departmentManagement',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/delete',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'department',
                      isQuery: '0'
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              id: 'departmentApplication',
              code: 'departmentApplication',
              name: '部门申请',
              parent: 'departmentManagement',
              menuSeqId: 1,
              menuUrl: 'departmentManagement/departmentApplication',
              children: [
                {
                  id: 'departmentApplication:query',
                  code: 'departmentApplication:query',
                  name: '待复核（查询）',
                  parent: 'departmentApplication',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/query',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'departmentApplication:review',
                      isQuery: '1'
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  id: 'departmentApplication:review:review',
                  code: 'departmentApplication:review:review',
                  name: '待复核（复核）',
                  parent: 'departmentApplication',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/review',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'departmentApplication:review',
                      isQuery: '0'
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  id: 'departmentApplication:review:revoke',
                  code: 'departmentApplication:review:revoke',
                  name: '待复核（撤销）',
                  parent: 'departmentApplication',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/edit',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'departmentApplication:review',
                      isQuery: '0'
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  id: 'departmentApplication:review:export',
                  code: 'departmentApplication:review:export',
                  name: '待复核（下载）',
                  parent: 'departmentApplication',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/delete',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'departmentApplication:review',
                      isQuery: '0'
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  id: 'departmentApplication:reviewed:query',
                  code: 'departmentApplication:reviewed:query',
                  name: '已复核（查询）',
                  parent: 'departmentApplication',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/edit',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'departmentApplication:reviewed',
                      isQuery: '1'
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  id: 'departmentApplication:reviewed:export',
                  code: 'departmentApplication:reviewed:export',
                  name: '已复核（下载）',
                  parent: 'departmentApplication',
                  requestMethod: 'POST',
                  btnUrl: '/base/admin/edit',
                  btnGroup: [
                    {
                      commonPrefix: 'departmentApplication:reviewed',
                      isQuery: '0'
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    };
  },
  methods: {
    /**
     * 复选框选中事件
     * 实现的效果：
     * 1、同组内查询节点选中时，其兄弟节点不变
     * 2、同组内兄弟节点取消选中时，其相邻兄弟节点取消选中
     * 3、同组内其相邻兄弟节点任何一个选中时，查询节点必选中
     * 注：
     *  同组: commonPrefix 值一致的为同组
     *  查询节点 btnGroup: [{commonPrefix:'departmentApplication:review',isQuery:'1'}]
     * **/
    handleCheck(data, checked) {
      if (!data.children) {
        // 只处理叶子节点
        const parentNode = this.$refs.treeRef.getNode(data).parent;
        if (parentNode) {
          // 获取当前叶子节点和兄弟节点
          const siblings = parentNode.data.children;
          const groupByCommonPrefixObj = groupByCommonPrefix(siblings);
          const findQueryBySelectedArr = findByIsQuery(
            groupByCommonPrefixObj,
            data.btnGroup[0].commonPrefix,
            '1'
          );

          if (data.btnGroup[0].isQuery == '1') {
            // 如果是查询节点，这取消选中所有非查询兄弟节点
            const { commonPrefix } = findQueryBySelectedArr[0].btnGroup[0];
            groupByCommonPrefixObj[commonPrefix].forEach((item) => {
              if (item.btnGroup[0].isQuery == '0') {
                this.$refs.treeRef.setChecked(item, false, false);
              }
            });
          } else if (checked) {
            // 如果是费查询节点被选中，这确保查询节点也被选中
            this.$refs.treeRef.setChecked(
              findQueryBySelectedArr[0],
              true,
              false
            );
          }
        }
      }
    },

    // 返回选中节点组成的数组
    getCheckedNodes(leafOnly, includeHalfChecked) {
      return this.$refs.treeRef.getCheckedNodes(leafOnly, includeHalfChecked);
    },

    // 设置目前勾选的节点
    setCheckedNodes(nodes) {
      this.$refs.treeRef.setCheckedNodes(nodes);
    },

    // 返回目前被选中的节点的 key 所组成的数组
    getCheckedKeys(leafOnly) {
      return this.$refs.treeRef.getCheckedKeys(leafOnly);
    },

    // 通过 keys 设置目前勾选的节点
    setCheckedKeys(keys, leafOnly) {
      this.$refs.treeRef.setCheckedKeys(keys, leafOnly);
    },

    // 设置某个节点的勾选状态
    setChecked(data, checked, deep) {
      this.$refs.treeRef.setChecked(data, checked, deep);
    },

    // 重置选中的节点
    resetChecked() {
      this.$refs.treeRef.setCheckedKeys([]);
    }
  }
};
</script>