win32手动创建windows窗口的，小记

2023-08-30 16:28:22

摘抄自文档，其中的函数需要以后花时间看

向 WinMain 添加功能

  1. 首先，在 WinMain 函数内部创建 WNDCLASSEX 类型的窗口类结构。 此结构包含有关窗口的信息，如应用程序图标、窗口的背景色、在标题栏中显示的名称、窗口过程函数的名称等等。典型的 WNDCLASSEX 结构如下：

        WNDCLASSEX wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    
    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
    
    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    
    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    
    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
    
    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
    
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    
    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    
    wcex.lpszMenuName   = NULL;
    
    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
    
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));

        WNDCLASSEX wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    
    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
    
    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    
    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    
    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
    
    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
    
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    
    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    
    wcex.lpszMenuName   = NULL;
    
    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
    
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));

    有关此结构的字段解释，请参见 WNDCLASSEX。

  2. 现在已经创建了窗口类，接下来您必须注册它。使用 RegisterClassEx 函数，并将窗口类结构作为参数传递：

        if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
    
    {
    
        MessageBox(NULL,
    
            _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),
    
            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
    
            NULL);

        return 1;
    
    }

        if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
    
    {
    
        MessageBox(NULL,
    
            _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),
    
            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
    
            NULL);

        return 1;
    
    }

  3. 现在已经注册了您自己的类，接下来创建窗口。使用 CreateWindow 函数，如下所示：

    static TCHAR szWindowClass[] = _T("win32app");
    
static TCHAR szTitle[] = _T("Win32 Guided Tour Application");
    
// The parameters to CreateWindow explained:
    
// szWindowClass: the name of the application
    
// szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar
    
// WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create
    
// CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)
    
// 500, 100: initial size (width, length)
    
// NULL: the parent of this window
    
// NULL: this application dows not have a menu bar
    
// hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain
    
// NULL: not used in this application
    
HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(
    
    szWindowClass,
    
    szTitle,
    
    WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
    
    CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
    
    500, 100,
    
    NULL,
    
    NULL,
    
    hInstance,
    
    NULL
    
);
    
if (!hWnd)
    
{
    
    MessageBox(NULL,
    
        _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),
    
        _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
    
        NULL);

    return 1;
    
}

    static TCHAR szWindowClass[] = _T("win32app");
    
static TCHAR szTitle[] = _T("Win32 Guided Tour Application");
    
// The parameters to CreateWindow explained:
    
// szWindowClass: the name of the application
    
// szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar
    
// WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create
    
// CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)
    
// 500, 100: initial size (width, length)
    
// NULL: the parent of this window
    
// NULL: this application dows not have a menu bar
    
// hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain
    
// NULL: not used in this application
    
HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(
    
    szWindowClass,
    
    szTitle,
    
    WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
    
    CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
    
    500, 100,
    
    NULL,
    
    NULL,
    
    hInstance,
    
    NULL
    
);
    
if (!hWnd)
    
{
    
    MessageBox(NULL,
    
        _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),
    
        _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
    
        NULL);

    return 1;
    
}

    此函数返回 HWND，它是某个窗口的句柄。有关更多信息，请参见 Windows 数据类型。

  4. 创建了窗口后，我们可以使用以下代码将其显示在屏幕上：

    // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:
    
// hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow
    
// nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMain
    
ShowWindow(hWnd,
    
    nCmdShow);
    
UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:
    
// hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow
    
// nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMain
    
ShowWindow(hWnd,
    
    nCmdShow);
    
UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    到目前为止，此窗口还不会显示，因为我们尚未实现 WndProc 函数。

  5. WinMain 的最后一步是消息循环。 此循环的用途是侦听操作系统发送的消息。应用程序收到消息后，将该消息调度到 WndProc 函数，以便进行处理。 消息循环类似于：

     
    以带有颜色区分的格式查看复制到剪贴板打印
        MSG msg;
    
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    
    {
    
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
    
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;

        MSG msg;
    
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    
    {
    
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
    
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;

    有关消息循环中使用的结构和函数的更多信息，请参见 MSG、 GetMessage、 TranslateMessage 和 DispatchMessage。

    您刚才完成的步骤为大多数 Win32 应用程序所共用。有关此应用程序所需要的 include 指令和全局变量声明，请参见本主题末尾的完整代码 示例。

    此时， WinMain 函数应该与下面的内容类似：

    int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
    
                   HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    
                   LPSTR lpCmdLine,
    
                   int nCmdShow)
    
{
    
    WNDCLASSEX wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    
    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
    
    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    
    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    
    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
    
    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
    
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    
    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    
    wcex.lpszMenuName   = NULL;
    
    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
    
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));

    if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
    
    {
    
        MessageBox(NULL,
    
            _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),
    
            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
    
            NULL);

        return 1;
    
    }

    hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable

    // The parameters to CreateWindow explained:
    
    // szWindowClass: the name of the application
    
    // szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar
    
    // WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create
    
    // CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)
    
    // 500, 100: initial size (width, length)
    
    // NULL: the parent of this window
    
    // NULL: this application dows not have a menu bar
    
    // hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain
    
    // NULL: not used in this application
    
    HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(
    
        szWindowClass,
    
        szTitle,
    
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
    
        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
    
        500, 100,
    
        NULL,
    
        NULL,
    
        hInstance,
    
        NULL
    
    );

    if (!hWnd)
    
    {
    
        MessageBox(NULL,
    
            _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),
    
            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
    
            NULL);

        return 1;
    
    }

    // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:
    
    // hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow
    
    // nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMain
    
    ShowWindow(hWnd,
    
        nCmdShow);
    
    UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    // Main message loop:
    
    MSG msg;
    
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    
    {
    
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
    
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;
    
}

    int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
    
                   HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    
                   LPSTR lpCmdLine,
    
                   int nCmdShow)
    
{
    
    WNDCLASSEX wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    
    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
    
    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    
    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    
    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
    
    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
    
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    
    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    
    wcex.lpszMenuName   = NULL;
    
    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
    
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));

    if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
    
    {
    
        MessageBox(NULL,
    
            _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),
    
            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
    
            NULL);

        return 1;
    
    }

    hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable

    // The parameters to CreateWindow explained:
    
    // szWindowClass: the name of the application
    
    // szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar
    
    // WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create
    
    // CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)
    
    // 500, 100: initial size (width, length)
    
    // NULL: the parent of this window
    
    // NULL: this application dows not have a menu bar
    
    // hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain
    
    // NULL: not used in this application
    
    HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(
    
        szWindowClass,
    
        szTitle,
    
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
    
        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
    
        500, 100,
    
        NULL,
    
        NULL,
    
        hInstance,
    
        NULL
    
    );

    if (!hWnd)
    
    {
    
        MessageBox(NULL,
    
            _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),
    
            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
    
            NULL);

        return 1;
    
    }

    // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:
    
    // hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow
    
    // nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMain
    
    ShowWindow(hWnd,
    
        nCmdShow);
    
    UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    // Main message loop:
    
    MSG msg;
    
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    
    {
    
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
    
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;
    
}

向 WndProc 添加功能

  1. WndProc 函数的用途是处理应用程序接收的消息。 通常使用 Switch 函数实现此操作。

    我们将处理的第一个消息是 WM_PAINT 消息。 当必须更新应用程序窗口的一部分时，应用程序会收到此消息。首次创建窗口时，必须更新整个窗口，并传递此消息以指示此操作。

    当处理 WM_PAINT 消息时，首先应做的是调用 BeginPaint，最后应做的是调用 EndPaint。 在这两个函数调用之间，您可以处理所有的逻辑，以在窗口中排列文本、按钮和其他控件。对于此应用程序，我们在窗口中显示字符串“Hello, World!”。若要显示文本，请使用 TextOut 函数，也可以使用drawtext函数如下所示：

    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    
HDC hdc;
    
TCHAR greeting[] = _T("Hello, World!");

switch (message)
    
{
    
case WM_PAINT:
    
    hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

    // Here your application is laid out.// For this introduction, we just print out "Hello, World!"
    
    // in the top left corner.TextOut(hdc,
    
        5, 5,
    
        greeting, _tcslen(greeting));
    
    // End application-specific layout section.EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
    
    break;
    
}

    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    
HDC hdc;
    
TCHAR greeting[] = _T("Hello, World!");

switch (message)
    
{
    
case WM_PAINT:
    
    hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

    // Here your application is laid out.// For this introduction, we just print out "Hello, World!"
    
    // in the top left corner.TextOut(hdc,
    
        5, 5,
    
        greeting, _tcslen(greeting));
    
    // End application-specific layout section.EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
    
    break;
    
}

  2. 应用程序通常会处理许多其他消息，如 WM_CREATE 和 WM_DESTROY。 一个简单而完整的 WndProc 函数如下：

    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
    
{
    
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    
    HDC hdc;
    
    TCHAR greeting[] = _T("Hello, World!");

    switch (message)
    
    {
    
    case WM_PAINT:
    
        hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

        // Here your application is laid out.// For this introduction, we just print out "Hello, World!"
    
        // in the top left corner.TextOut(hdc,
    
            5, 5,
    
            greeting, _tcslen(greeting));
    
        // End application specific layout section.EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
    
        break;
    
    case WM_DESTROY:
    
        PostQuitMessage(0);
    
        break;
    
    default:
    
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    
        break;
    
    }

    return 0;
    
}

完整代码：

    #include <windows.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <tchar.h>

    // Global variables

    // The main window class name.static TCHAR szWindowClass[] = _T("win32app");

    // The string that appears in the application's title bar.static TCHAR szTitle[] = _T("Win32 Guided Tour Application");

    HINSTANCE hInst;

    // Forward declarations of functions included in this code module:
    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

    int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
    HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    LPSTR lpCmdLine,
    int nCmdShow)
    {
    WNDCLASSEX wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;
    wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
    wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    wcex.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    wcex.lpszClassName = szWindowClass;
    wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));

    if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
    {
    MessageBox(NULL,
    _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),
    _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
    NULL);

    return 1;
    }

    hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable

    // The parameters to CreateWindow explained:
    // szWindowClass: the name of the application
    // szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar
    // WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create
    // CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)
    // 500, 100: initial size (width, length)
    // NULL: the parent of this window
    // NULL: this application does not have a menu bar
    // hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain
    // NULL: not used in this application
    HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(
    szWindowClass,
    szTitle,
    WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
    CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
    500, 100,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    hInstance,
    NULL
    );

    if (!hWnd)
    {
    MessageBox(NULL,
    _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),
    _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
    NULL);

    return 1;
    }

    // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:
    // hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow
    // nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMain
    ShowWindow(hWnd,
    nCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    // Main message loop:
    MSG msg;
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
    TranslateMessage(&msg);
    DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;
    }

    //
    // FUNCTION: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
    //
    // PURPOSE: Processes messages for the main window.//
    // WM_PAINT - Paint the main window
    // WM_DESTROY - post a quit message and return
    //
    //
    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
    {
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    HDC hdc;
    TCHAR greeting[] = _T("Hello, World!");

    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_PAINT:
    hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

    // Here your application is laid out.// For this introduction, we just print out "Hello, World!"
    // in the top left corner.TextOut(hdc,
    5, 5,
    greeting, _tcslen(greeting));
    // End application-specific layout section.EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
    break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
    PostQuitMessage(0);
    break;
    default:
    return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    break;
    }

    return 0;
    }

    

    

    

    

    3. 



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