在一对多关系中,我们习惯把一的一方称之为主表,把多的一方称之为从表。在数据库中建立一对多的关系,需要使用数据库的外键约束。
什么是外键?
指的是从表中有一列,取值参照主表的主键,这一列就是外键。
package com.ytkj.entity; import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List; /**
* @Entity
* 作用:指定当前类是实体类。
* @Table
* 作用:指定实体类和表之间的对应关系。
* 属性:
* name:指定数据库表的名称
* @Id
* 作用:指定当前字段是主键。
* @GeneratedValue
* 作用:指定主键的生成方式。。
* 属性:
* strategy :指定主键生成策略。
* @Column
* 作用:指定实体类属性和数据库表之间的对应关系
* 属性:
* name:指定数据库表的列名称。
* unique:是否唯一
* nullable:是否可以为空
* inserttable:是否可以插入
* updateable:是否可以更新
* columnDefinition: 定义建表时创建此列的DDL
* secondaryTable: 从表名。如果此列不建在主表上(默认建在主表),该属性定义该列所在从表的名字搭建开发环境[重点]
* @OneToMany:
* 作用:建立一对多的关系映射
* 属性:
* targetEntityClass:指定多的多方的类的字节码
* mappedBy:指定从表实体类中引用主表对象的名称。
* cascade:指定要使用的级联操作
* fetch:指定是否采用延迟加载
* orphanRemoval:是否使用孤儿删除
*
* @ManyToOne
* 作用:建立多对一的关系
* 属性:
* targetEntityClass:指定一的一方实体类字节码
* cascade:指定要使用的级联操作
* fetch:指定是否采用延迟加载
* optional:关联是否可选。如果设置为false,则必须始终存在非空关系。
*
* @JoinColumn
* 作用:用于定义主键字段和外键字段的对应关系。
* 属性:
* name:指定外键字段的名称
* referencedColumnName:指定引用主表的主键字段名称
* unique:是否唯一。默认值不唯一
* nullable:是否允许为空。默认值允许。
* insertable:是否允许插入。默认值允许。
* updatable:是否允许更新。默认值允许。
* columnDefinition:列的定义信息。
*
* cascade:配置级联操作
* CascadeType.MERGE 级联更新
* CascadeType.PERSIST 级联保存:
* CascadeType.REFRESH 级联刷新:
* CascadeType.REMOVE 级联删除:
* CascadeType.ALL 包含所有
*
* 客户实体类
* 配置映射关系
* 实体类和表映射
* 实体类属性和表字段映射
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "cst_customer")
public class Customer implements Serializable {
/**
* 声明主键配置
*/
@Id
/**
* 配置主键的生成策略
*/
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
/**
* 指定实体类属性和数据库表之间的对应关系
*/
@Column(name ="cust_id")
private Long custId;//客户主键
@Column(name = "cust_name")
private String custName;//客户名称
@Column(name ="cust_source" )
private String custSource;//客户来源
@Column(name = "cust_industry")
private String custIndustry;//客户行业
@Column(name ="cust_level")
private String custLevel;//客户级别
@Column(name ="cust_address")
private String custAddress;//客户地址
@Column(name = "cust_phone")
private String custPhone;//客户电话 //配置客户和联系人的关系(一个客户有多个联系人,一对多)
/**
* 使用注解的形式配置多表关系
* 1.声明关系
* @OneToMany :配置一对多
* targetEntity:对方对象的字节码对象
* 2.使用外键
* @JoinColumn
* name:外键字段名称
* referencedColumnName:参照的主表的主键字段名称
* 在主表客户实体类上(一的乙方)添加了外键的配置,所以对于客户而言,也具备了维护外键
*
* cascade:配置级联操作
* CascadeType.MERGE 级联更新
* CascadeType.PERSIST 级联保存:
* CascadeType.REFRESH 级联刷新:
* CascadeType.REMOVE 级联删除:
* CascadeType.ALL 包含所有
*/
@OneToMany(targetEntity =LinkMan.class,cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
@JoinColumn(name = "lkm_cust_id",referencedColumnName = "cust_id")
private List<LinkMan> linkMans=new ArrayList<>(); public Long getCustId() {
return custId;
} public void setCustId(Long custId) {
this.custId = custId;
} public String getCustName() {
return custName;
} public void setCustName(String custName) {
this.custName = custName;
} public String getCustSource() {
return custSource;
} public void setCustSource(String custSource) {
this.custSource = custSource;
} public String getCustIndustry() {
return custIndustry;
} public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) {
this.custIndustry = custIndustry;
} public String getCustLevel() {
return custLevel;
} public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) {
this.custLevel = custLevel;
} public String getCustAddress() {
return custAddress;
} public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) {
this.custAddress = custAddress;
} public String getCustPhone() {
return custPhone;
} public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) {
this.custPhone = custPhone;
} public List<LinkMan> getLinkMans() {
return linkMans;
} public void setLinkMans(List<LinkMan> linkMans) {
this.linkMans = linkMans;
} @Override
public String toString() {
return "Customer{" +
"custId=" + custId +
", custName='" + custName + '\'' +
", custSource='" + custSource + '\'' +
", custIndustry='" + custIndustry + '\'' +
", custLevel='" + custLevel + '\'' +
", custAddress='" + custAddress + '\'' +
", custPhone='" + custPhone + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
package com.ytkj.entity; import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable; /**
* 联系人实体类
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "cst_linkman")
public class LinkMan implements Serializable { /**
* 主键
*/
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy= GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name="lkm_id")
private Long lkmId;
@Column(name="lkm_name")
private String lkmName;
@Column(name="lkm_gender")
private String lkmGender;
@Column(name="lkm_phone")
private String lkmPhone;
@Column(name="lkm_mobile")
private String lkmMobile;
@Column(name="lkm_email")
private String lkmEmail;
@Column(name="lkm_position")
private String lkmPosition;
@Column(name="lkm_memo")
private String lkmMemo; /**
* 配置联系人到客户的多对一的关系
* 1.配置表关系
* @ManyToOne
* 配置多对一关系
* targetEntity:对方实体类字节码
* 2.配置外键
* name:外键字段名称
* referencedColumnName:参照的主表的主键字段名称
* @return
*/
@ManyToOne(targetEntity = Customer.class)
@JoinColumn(name = "lkm_cust_id",referencedColumnName = "cust_id")
private Customer customer; public Long getLkmId() {
return lkmId;
} public void setLkmId(Long lkmId) {
this.lkmId = lkmId;
} public String getLkmName() {
return lkmName;
} public void setLkmName(String lkmName) {
this.lkmName = lkmName;
} public String getLkmGender() {
return lkmGender;
} public void setLkmGender(String lkmGender) {
this.lkmGender = lkmGender;
} public String getLkmPhone() {
return lkmPhone;
} public void setLkmPhone(String lkmPhone) {
this.lkmPhone = lkmPhone;
} public String getLkmMobile() {
return lkmMobile;
} public void setLkmMobile(String lkmMobile) {
this.lkmMobile = lkmMobile;
} public String getLkmEmail() {
return lkmEmail;
} public void setLkmEmail(String lkmEmail) {
this.lkmEmail = lkmEmail;
} public String getLkmPosition() {
return lkmPosition;
} public void setLkmPosition(String lkmPosition) {
this.lkmPosition = lkmPosition;
} public String getLkmMemo() {
return lkmMemo;
} public void setLkmMemo(String lkmMemo) {
this.lkmMemo = lkmMemo;
} public Customer getCustomer() {
return customer;
} public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {
this.customer = customer;
} @Override
public String toString() {
return "LinkMan{" +
"lkmId=" + lkmId +
", lkmName='" + lkmName + '\'' +
", lkmGender='" + lkmGender + '\'' +
", lkmPhone='" + lkmPhone + '\'' +
", lkmMobile='" + lkmMobile + '\'' +
", lkmEmail='" + lkmEmail + '\'' +
", lkmPosition='" + lkmPosition + '\'' +
", lkmMemo='" + lkmMemo + '\'' +
'}';
} }
package com.ytkj.dao; import com.ytkj.entity.Customer;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query; /**
* JpaRepository<实体类类型,主键类型>:用来完成基本CRUD操作
* JpaSpecificationExecutor<实体类类型>:用于复杂查询(分页等查询操作)
*/
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> { }
package com.ytkj.dao; import com.ytkj.entity.LinkMan;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor; public interface LinkManDao extends JpaRepository<LinkMan,Integer>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<LinkMan> { }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd"> <!--spring和spring-data-jpa的整合--> <!--1.创建entityManagerFactory对象交给spring管理-->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<!--数据库注入-->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!--配置包的扫描-->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="com.ytkj.entity"/>
<!--jpa实现厂家-->
<property name="persistenceProvider">
<bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"></bean>
</property>
<!--JPA的供应商适配器-->
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<!--配置是否自动创建数据库表-->
<property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
<!--指定数据库类型-->
<property name="database" value="MYSQL" />
<!--数据库方言:支持的特有语法-->
<property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
<!--是否显示sql语句-->
<property name="showSql" value="true" />
</bean>
</property> <!--jpa方言:高级特性-->
<property name="jpaDialect">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect" />
</property>
</bean> <!--2.创建数据连接池-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<!--数据库信息-->
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://192.168.2.101:3306/ytkj?serverTimeZone=UTC"/>
<property name="user" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</bean> <!--3.整合spring-data-jpa-->
<jpa:repositories base-package="com.ytkj.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transacManager" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"></jpa:repositories> <!--4.配置事务管理器-->
<bean id="transacManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</bean> <!--5.声明式事务-->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transacManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice> <!-- 5.aop-->
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.ytkj.service.*.*(..))" />
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut" />
</aop:config> <context:component-scan base-package="com.ytkj"/> </beans>
import com.ytkj.dao.CustomerDao;
import com.ytkj.dao.LinkManDao;
import com.ytkj.entity.Customer;
import com.ytkj.entity.LinkMan;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; /**
* 一对多测试 保存/删除操作
*/
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)//声明spring提供的单元测试环境
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")//指定spring容器的配置信息
public class SpringdatajpaOneToManyTest {
@Autowired
CustomerDao customerDao;
@Autowired
LinkManDao linkManDao; /**
* 保存操作
* 需求:
* 保存一个客户和一个联系人
* 要求:
* 创建一个客户对象和一个联系人对象
* 建立客户和联系人之间关联关系(双向一对多的关联关系)
* 先保存客户,再保存联系人
* 问题:
* 当我们建立了双向的关联关系之后,先保存主表,再保存从表时:
* 会产生2条insert和1条update.
* 而实际开发中我们只需要2条insert。
*
*/
@Test
@Transactional//添加事务
@Rollback(value = false)//设置不自动回滚
public void test(){
//创建客户联系人
Customer customer=new Customer();
customer.setCustName("丁丁"); LinkMan linkMan=new LinkMan();
linkMan.setLkmName("芳芳");
/**
* 配置客户到联系人关系(一对多)
*/
customer.getLinkMans().add(linkMan);
customerDao.save(customer);
linkManDao.save(linkMan);
} @Test
@Transactional//添加事务
@Rollback(value = false)//设置不自动回滚
public void test2(){
//创建客户联系人
Customer customer=new Customer();
customer.setCustName("丁丁1"); LinkMan linkMan=new LinkMan();
linkMan.setLkmName("芳芳1");
/**
* 配置联系人到客户关系(多对一)
*/
linkMan.setCustomer(customer);
customerDao.save(customer);
linkManDao.save(linkMan);
} @Test
@Transactional//添加事务
@Rollback(value = false)//设置不自动回滚
public void test3(){
//创建客户联系人
Customer customer=new Customer();
customer.setCustName("丁丁3"); LinkMan linkMan=new LinkMan();
linkMan.setLkmName("芳芳3"); /**
* 配置客户到联系人关系(一对多)
*/
customer.getLinkMans().add(linkMan);
/**
* 配置联系人到客户关系(多对一)
*/
linkMan.setCustomer(customer);
customerDao.save(customer);
linkManDao.save(linkMan);
} /**
* 级联添加
* 需要在操作主题实体类上添加cascade属性
*/
@Test
@Transactional//添加事务
@Rollback(value = false)//设置不自动回滚
public void test4(){
//创建客户联系人
Customer customer=new Customer();
customer.setCustName("丁丁4"); LinkMan linkMan=new LinkMan();
linkMan.setLkmName("芳芳4"); /**
* 配置客户到联系人关系(一对多)
*/
customer.getLinkMans().add(linkMan);
/**
* 配置联系人到客户关系(多对一)
*/
linkMan.setCustomer(customer);
customerDao.save(customer); } /**
* 级联删除
* 需要在操作主题实体类上添加cascade属性
*/
@Test
@Transactional//添加事务
@Rollback(value = false)//设置不自动回滚
public void test5(){
//查询1号客户
Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(1l);
//删除1号客户
customerDao.delete(customer); } }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.ytkj</groupId>
<artifactId>springdatajpa</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<spring.version>5.1.7.RELEASE</spring.version>
<hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
<c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
</properties>
<dependencies> <!-- junit单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.9</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency> <!-- spring beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.6.8</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency> <!--spring对orm框架支持-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency> <!-- spring end --> <!-- hibernate beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>5.2.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate end --> <!-- c3p0 beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>${c3p0.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- c3p0 end --> <!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log end --> <dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency> <!--sprngdatajpa依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency> <!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必须引入 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.el</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency> <!-- el end -->
</dependencies> </project>