python网络编程具体参考《python select网络编程详细介绍》。
在python中，select函数是一个对底层操作系统的直接访问的接口。它用来监控sockets、files和pipes，等待IO完成（Waiting for I/O completion）。当有可读、可写或是异常事件产生时，select可以很容易的监控到。
select.select（rlist, wlist, xlist[, timeout]） 传递三个参数，一个为输入而观察的文件对象列表，一个为输出而观察的文件对象列表和一个观察错误异常的文件列表。第四个是一个可选参数，表示超时秒数。其返回3个tuple，每个tuple都是一个准备好的对象列表，它和前边的参数是一样的顺序。
聊天室程序如下。运行多个client，则可互相聊天，输入"exit"即可退出
服务器代码
#!/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*- """
server select
""" import sys
import time
import socket
import select
import logging
import Queue g_select_timeout = 10 class Server(object):
def __init__(self, host='10.1.32.80', port=33333, timeout=2, client_nums=10):
self.__host = host
self.__port = port
self.__timeout = timeout
self.__client_nums = client_nums
self.__buffer_size = 1024 self.server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.server.setblocking(False)
self.server.settimeout(self.__timeout)
self.server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1) #keepalive
self.server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) #端口复用
server_host = (self.__host, self.__port)
try:
self.server.bind(server_host)
self.server.listen(self.__client_nums)
except:
raise self.inputs = [self.server] #select 接收文件描述符列表
self.outputs = [] #输出文件描述符列表
self.message_queues = {}#消息队列
self.client_info = {} def run(self):
while True:
readable , writable , exceptional = select.select(self.inputs, self.outputs, self.inputs, g_select_timeout)
if not (readable or writable or exceptional) :
continue for s in readable :
if s is self.server:#是客户端连接
connection, client_address = s.accept()
#print "connection", connection
print "%s connect." % str(client_address)
connection.setblocking(0) #非阻塞
self.inputs.append(connection) #客户端添加到inputs
self.client_info[connection] = str(client_address)
self.message_queues[connection] = Queue.Queue() #每个客户端一个消息队列 else:#是client, 数据发送过来
try:
data = s.recv(self.__buffer_size)
except:
err_msg = "Client Error!"
logging.error(err_msg)
if data :
#print data
data = "%s %s say: %s" % (time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), self.client_info[s], data)
self.message_queues[s].put(data) #队列添加消息 if s not in self.outputs: #要回复消息
self.outputs.append(s)
else: #客户端断开
#Interpret empty result as closed connection
print "Client:%s Close." % str(self.client_info[s])
if s in self.outputs :
self.outputs.remove(s)
self.inputs.remove(s)
s.close()
del self.message_queues[s]
del self.client_info[s] for s in writable: #outputs 有消息就要发出去了
try:
next_msg = self.message_queues[s].get_nowait() #非阻塞获取
except Queue.Empty:
err_msg = "Output Queue is Empty!"
#g_logFd.writeFormatMsg(g_logFd.LEVEL_INFO, err_msg)
self.outputs.remove(s)
except Exception, e: #发送的时候客户端关闭了则会出现writable和readable同时有数据，会出现message_queues的keyerror
err_msg = "Send Data Error! ErrMsg:%s" % str(e)
logging.error(err_msg)
if s in self.outputs:
self.outputs.remove(s)
else:
for cli in self.client_info: #发送给其他客户端
if cli is not s:
try:
cli.sendall(next_msg)
except Exception, e: #发送失败就关掉
err_msg = "Send Data to %s Error! ErrMsg:%s" % (str(self.client_info[cli]), str(e))
logging.error(err_msg)
print "Client: %s Close Error." % str(self.client_info[cli])
if cli in self.inputs:
self.inputs.remove(cli)
cli.close()
if cli in self.outputs:
self.outputs.remove(s)
if cli in self.message_queues:
del self.message_queues[s]
del self.client_info[cli] for s in exceptional:
logging.error("Client:%s Close Error." % str(self.client_info[cli]))
if s in self.inputs:
self.inputs.remove(s)
s.close()
if s in self.outputs:
self.outputs.remove(s)
if s in self.message_queues:
del self.message_queues[s]
del self.client_info[s] if "__main__" == __name__:
Server().run()
客户端代码
#!/usr/local/bin/python
# *-* coding:utf-8 -*- """
client.py
""" import sys
import time
import socket
import threading class Client(object):
def __init__(self, host, port=33333, timeout=1, reconnect=2):
self.__host = host
self.__port = port
self.__timeout = timeout
self.__buffer_size = 1024
self.__flag = 1
self.client = None
self.__lock = threading.Lock() @property
def flag(self):
return self.__flag @flag.setter
def flag(self, new_num):
self.__flag = new_num def __connect(self):
client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
#client.bind(('0.0.0.0', 12345,))
client.setblocking(True)
client.settimeout(self.__timeout)
client.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) #端口复用
server_host = (self.__host, self.__port)
try:
client.connect(server_host)
except:
raise
return client def send_msg(self):
if not self.client:
return
while True:
time.sleep(0.1)
#data = raw_input()
data = sys.stdin.readline().strip()
if "exit" == data.lower():
with self.__lock:
self.flag = 0
break
self.client.sendall(data)
return def recv_msg(self):
if not self.client:
return
while True:
data = None
with self.__lock:
if not self.flag:
print 'ByeBye~~'
break
try:
data = self.client.recv(self.__buffer_size)
except socket.timeout:
continue
except:
raise
if data:
print "%s\n" % data
time.sleep(0.1)
return def run(self):
self.client = self.__connect()
send_proc = threading.Thread(target=self.send_msg)
recv_proc = threading.Thread(target=self.recv_msg)
recv_proc.start()
send_proc.start()
recv_proc.join()
send_proc.join()
self.client.close() if "__main__" == __name__:
Client('10.1.32.80').run()