1. 基于selenium实现12306登录

#下述代码为超级鹰提供的示例代码
import requests
from hashlib import md5

class Chaojiying_Client(object):

    def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):
        self.username = username
        password =  password.encode('utf8')
        self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()
        self.soft_id = soft_id
        self.base_params = {
            'user': self.username,
            'pass2': self.password,
            'softid': self.soft_id,
        }
        self.headers = {
            'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
        }

    def PostPic(self, im, codetype):
        """
        im: 图片字节
        codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html
        """
        params = {
            'codetype': codetype,
        }
        params.update(self.base_params)
        files = {'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', im)}
        r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers)
        return r.json()

    def ReportError(self, im_id):
        """
        im_id:报错题目的图片ID
        """
        params = {
            'id': im_id,
        }
        params.update(self.base_params)
        r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)
        return r.json()

# chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('bobo328410948', 'bobo328410948', '899370')    #用户中心>>软件ID 生成一个替换 96001
# im = open('12306.jpg', 'rb').read()                                                    #本地图片文件路径 来替换 a.jpg 有时WIN系统须要//
# print(chaojiying.PostPic(im, 9004)['pic_str'])
#上述代码为超级鹰提供的示例代码

#使用selenium打开登录页面
from selenium import webdriver
import time
from PIL import Image
from selenium.webdriver import Chrome
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options


'''
在拖拽滑块的过程中，老是报错，即便是用手拖住。这是因为服务器检测到了在使用selenium。
如何实现让selenium规避被检测到的风险
实际上，服务器是通过window.navigator.webdriver来检查是否使用了selenium的。正常情况下，结果为false，但是如果使用了selenium，则结果为true。
解决方法如下：
1. 如果chrome版本小于88，则在启动浏览器的时候（此时没有加载任何网页内容），向页面签入js代码，去掉webdriver。
web = Chrome()
web.execute_cdp_cmd("Page.addScriptToEvaluateOnNewDocument",{
    "source":"""
    window.navigator.webdriver = undefined
    Object.defineProperty(navigator,'webdriver',{
        get:（）=>undefined
    })
    """
})
web.get(xxxxxx)

2. 如果chrome版本大于等于88，则采用以下方式：
option = Options()
# option.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches',['enable-automation'])  # 这一句加不加无所谓
option.add_argument('--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled')

bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver_win32/chromedriver',options=option)
bro.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html')

'''

option = Options()
option.add_argument('--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled')

bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver_win32/chromedriver',options=option)
bro.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html')
time.sleep(1)
a_tag = bro.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/ul/li[2]/a")
a_tag.click()
#save_screenshot就是将当前页面进行截图且保存
bro.save_screenshot('aa.png')

#确定验证码图片对应的左上角和右下角的坐标（裁剪的区域就确定）
code_img_ele = bro.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="J-loginImg"]')
location = code_img_ele.location  # 验证码图片左上角的坐标 x,y
print('location:',location)
size = code_img_ele.size  #验证码标签对应的长和宽
print('size:',size)
#左上角和右下角坐标
rangle = (
int(location['x']), int(location['y']), int(location['x'] + size['width']), int(location['y'] + size['height']))
#至此验证码图片区域就确定下来了

i = Image.open('./aa.png')
code_img_name = './code.png'
#crop根据指定区域进行图片裁剪
frame = i.crop(rangle)
frame.save(code_img_name)

#将验证码图片提交给超级鹰进行识别
chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('ziyouzheyan3', 'liuyanyan03', '914163')    #用户中心>>软件ID 生成一个替换 96001
im = open('code.png', 'rb').read()                                                    #本地图片文件路径 来替换 a.jpg 有时WIN系统须要//
print(chaojiying.PostPic(im, 9004)['pic_str'])
result = chaojiying.PostPic(im, 9004)['pic_str']
all_list = [] #要存储即将被点击的点的坐标  [[x1,y1],[x2,y2]]
if '|' in result:
    list_1 = result.split('|')
    count_1 = len(list_1)
    for i in range(count_1):
        xy_list = []
        x = int(list_1[i].split(',')[0])
        y = int(list_1[i].split(',')[1])
        xy_list.append(x)
        xy_list.append(y)
        all_list.append(xy_list)
else:
    x = int(result.split(',')[0])
    y = int(result.split(',')[1])
    xy_list = []
    xy_list.append(x)
    xy_list.append(y)
    all_list.append(xy_list)
print(all_list)
#遍历列表，使用动作链对每一个列表元素对应的x,y指定的位置进行点击操作
for l in all_list:
    x = l[0]
    y = l[1]
    ActionChains(bro).move_to_element_with_offset(code_img_ele, x, y).click().perform()
    time.sleep(0.5)

bro.find_element_by_id('J-userName').send_keys('18769756237')
time.sleep(2)
bro.find_element_by_id('J-password').send_keys('liuyanyan03')
time.sleep(2)
bro.find_element_by_id('J-login').click()
time.sleep(5)
# 滑块验证
span = bro.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="nc_1_n1z"]')
ActionChains(bro).drag_and_drop_by_offset(span,300,0).perform()

2. 基于selenium实现豆瓣网登录

#使用selenium打开登录页面
from selenium import webdriver
import time
from PIL import Image
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver import ChromeOptions
def get_tracks(distance):
    v = 0
    t = 0.3
    tracks = []
    current = 0
    mid = distance*4/5
    while current < distance:
        if current < mid:
            a = 2
        else:
            a =-3
        v0 = v
        s = v0*t + 0.5*a*(t**2)
        current += s
        tracks.append(round(s))
        v = v0 + a*t
    return tracks
option = ChromeOptions()
option.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-automation'])

#如何实现让selenium规避被检测到的风险
bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver_win32/chromedriver',options=option)
# bro.maximize_window()
bro.get('https://accounts.douban.com/passport/login')

time.sleep(1)
a_tag = bro.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='account']/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/ul[1]/li[2]")
a_tag.click()
#save_screenshot就是将当前页面进行截图且保存
bro.save_screenshot('aa.png')

bro.find_element_by_id('username').send_keys('18769756237')
time.sleep(2)
bro.find_element_by_id('password').send_keys('liuyanyan33')
time.sleep(2)
bro.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="account"]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[4]/a').click()
time.sleep(3)

bro.switch_to.frame('tcaptcha_iframe')
span = bro.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="slideBlock"]')

ActionChains(bro).click_and_hold(on_element=span).perform()
ActionChains(bro).move_to_element_with_offset(to_element=span,xoffset=200,yoffset=0).perform()
tracks = get_tracks(40)
print(tracks)
for track in tracks:
    ActionChains(bro).move_by_offset(xoffset=track,yoffset=0).perform()
time.sleep(1)
ActionChains(bro).release().perform()

 3. 从快代理爬取IP

import requests
from lxml import etree
import time
'''
1. 循环抓取代理IP
https://www.kuaidaili.com/free/inha/1
2. 检测代理IP的质量问题
'''

header = {
        'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/89.0.4389.90 Safari/537.36'
    }
base_url = 'https://www.kuaidaili.com/free/inha/%d'

def getHttp():
    proxy_lst = []
    for i in range(1, 10):
        url = base_url % i
        response = requests.get(url,headers = header)
        data = response.text
        tree = etree.HTML(data)
        tr_list = tree.xpath('//*[@id="list"]/table//tr')
        # http_lst = []
        for tr in tr_list:
            dic = {}
            type_list = tr.xpath('./td[@data-title="类型"]/text()')
            IP_list = tr.xpath('./td[@data-title="IP"]/text()')
            PORT_list = tr.xpath('./td[@data-title="PORT"]/text()')
            if type_list and IP_list and PORT_list:
                type = type_list[0]
                IP = IP_list[0]
                PORT = PORT_list[0]
                dic[type] = IP + ":" + PORT
                proxy_lst.append(dic)
            time.sleep(0.5)  # 如果在爬取每页数据之后不加间隔时间，则无法完全抓取到数据，只会抓取到部分数据。
    return proxy_lst
def check_ip(lst):
    act_lst = []
    for proxy in lst:
        # timeout=0.1指的是响应时间。超过该时间会自动报错。
        try:
            res = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com',headers = header,proxies = proxy,timeout = 0.1)
            if res.status_code == 200:
                act_lst.append(proxy)
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
    return act_lst

# print(lst,len(lst))
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 检测代理IP可用性

    proxy_lst=getHttp()
    print(proxy_lst)
    can_use = check_ip(proxy_lst)
    print('可用的代理IP：',can_use)
    print('可用的代理IP的数量：',len(can_use))
    print('可用的代理IP的百分比：',len(can_use)/len(proxy_lst))