1.1二进制包安装MySQL数据库
1.1.1 安装前准备(规范)
[root@Mysql_server ~]# mkdir -p /home/zhurui/tools ##创建指定工具包存放路径
[root@Mysql_server ~]# wget http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/pub/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz ##下载二进制包
[root@Mysql_server tools]# tar xf mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz ##解压Mysql包
[root@Mysql_server tools]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql ##创建mysql用户
[root@Mysql_server tools]# id mysql
uid=501(mysql) gid=501(mysql) groups=501(mysql)
[root@Mysql_server ~]# mkdir /application/
[root@Mysql_server home]# mv /home/zhurui/tools/mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.5.32
[root@Mysql_server tools]# ll /application/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 mysql-5.5.32
[root@Mysql_server tools]# ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.32/ /application/mysql ##设置软链接
[root@Mysql_server tools]# ll /application/
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Dec 13 14:39 mysql -> /application/mysql-5.5.32/
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 mysql-5.5.32
[root@Mysql_server tools]# ll /application/mysql/
total 76
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 bin
-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel 17987 Jun 19 2013 COPYING
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 data
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:30 docs
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 include
-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel 7470 Jun 19 2013 INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 man
drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 mysql-test
-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel 2496 Jun 19 2013 README
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 scripts
drwxr-xr-x. 27 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 share
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 support-files
1.1.2 初始化数据库
[root@Mysql_server tools]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql ##初始化数据库
Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK
[root@Mysql_server tools]# ll /application/mysql/data/ ##查看初始化结果
total 12
drwx------. 2 mysql root 4096 Dec 13 14:45 mysql
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 13 14:45 performance_schema
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 test
1.1.3 授权Mysql管理数据库文件
[root@Mysql_server ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/
[root@Mysql_server ~]# ll /application/mysql
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 26 Dec 13 14:39 /application/mysql -> /application/mysql-5.5.32/
1.1.4 生成Mysql配置文件
[root@Mysql_server tools]# \cp /application/mysql/support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf
1.1.5 配置启动Mysql
[root@Mysql_server tools]# sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
[root@Mysql_server tools]# cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld ##将生成的启动脚本拷贝到init.d目录下
[root@Mysql_server tools]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
1.1.6 启动Mysql
[root@Mysql_server tools]# lsof -i :3306 ##查询Mysql服务是否开启
[root@Mysql_server tools]#
[root@Mysql_server tools]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start ##启动Mysql服务
Starting MySQL.... SUCCESS!
[root@Mysql_server tools]# lsof -i :3306
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld 2235 mysql 10u IPv4 22761 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
[root@Mysql_server tools]#
1.1.7 配置环境变量
方法1：
[root@Mysql_server tools]# cp /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/sbin/ ##方法1
方法2：
[root@Mysql_server tools]# tail -1 /etc/profile
PATH="/application/mysql/bin:$PATH" ##尾部添加如下行
[root@Mysql_server tools]# source /etc/profile ##使得配置生效
1.1.8 设置及更改密码
[root@Mysql_server tools]# mysqladmin -uroot password 123456
[root@Mysql_server tools]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 password zhurui
2.1 数据库管理
[root@Mysql_server tools]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.5.32 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; ##查看数据库；
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop database test; ##删除test库；
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; ##查看用户列表；
+------+---------------+
| user | host |
+------+---------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | ::1 |
| | Mysql\_server |
| root | Mysql\_server |
| | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+------+---------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop user root@'::1'; ##删除无用用户
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> drop user ''@'Mysql\_server'; ##对于大写、特殊字符删除不了，下面有介绍
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> drop user ''@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> drop user 'root'@'Mysql\_server'; 对于大写、特殊字符删除不了，下面有介绍
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+---------------+
| user | host |
+------+---------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| | Mysql\_server |
| root | Mysql\_server |
| root | localhost |
+------+---------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
对于大写、特殊字符删除不了解决办法：
mysql> delete from mysql.user where user="" and host="Mysql\_server";
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> delete from mysql.user where user="root" and host="Mysql\_server";
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; ##将无用用户删除以后，查看用户列表
+------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | localhost |
+------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges; ##最后使得权限生效
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
创建用户sql语句：
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by '' with grant option;flush privileges;
mysql> update mysql.user set host='httpd' where host='localhost' and user='root'; ##变更用户信息
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.47 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | httpd |
+------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> update mysql.user set host='localhost' where host='httpd' and user='root'; ##修改主机htttpd为localhost
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | localhost |
+------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)