以太坊·食品溯源案例
本文节选自电子书《Netkiller Blockchain 手札》
Netkiller Blockchain 手札
本文作者最近在找工作,有意向致电 13113668890
Mr. Neo Chan, 陈景峯(BG7NYT)
中国广东省深圳市龙华新区民治街道溪山美地 518131
+86 13113668890 <netkiller@msn.com>
文档始创于2018-02-10
版权 © 2018 Netkiller(Neo Chan). All rights reserved.
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内容摘要
这一部关于区块链开发及运维的电子书。
为什么会写区块链电子书?因为2018年是区块链年。
这本电子书是否会出版(纸质图书)? 不会,因为互联网技术更迭太快,纸质书籍的内容无法实时更新,一本书动辄百元,很快就成为垃圾,你会发现目前市面的上区块链书籍至少是一年前写的,内容已经过时,很多例子无法正确运行。所以我不会出版,电子书的内容会追逐技术发展,及时跟进软件版本的升级,做到内容最新,至少是主流。
这本电子书与其他区块链书籍有什么不同?市面上大部分区块链书籍都是用2/3去讲区块链原理,只要不到 1/3 的干货,干货不够理论来凑,通篇将理论或是大谈特谈区块链行业,这些内容更多是头脑风暴,展望区块链,均无法落地实施。本书与那些书籍完全不同,不讲理论和原理,面向应用落地,注重例子,均是干货。
电子书更新频率?每天都会有新内容加入,更新频率最迟不会超过一周,更新内容请关注 https://github.com/netkiller/netkiller.github.io/commits/master
本文采用碎片化写作,原文会不定期更新,请尽量阅读原文。
http://www.netkiller.cn/blockchain/index.html
您的打赏是我的写作动力:http://www.netkiller.cn/blockchain/donations.html
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食品溯源案例
背景
需求是通过区块链跟踪产品,实现产品产地,生产,流通等环节溯源。
需求归纳,需要实现下面几点:
产品具备通用的属性,例如名称,价格,重量,颜色,体积等等
生产销售链条跟踪
涉及环节,农产品的供应链是一个非常复杂的过程,涉及多方,农业局、卫生局、药监局、工商局、环保局等多个部门交织其中。
合约设计
我们设计一个简单的合约
pragma solidity ^0.4.20; contract Trace { enum State { Origin, Factory, QA, Shipping, Received, Pending } string name; uint price; uint weight; bool lock = false; //合约锁 bool close = false; //合约状态 uint number = 1; uint attr_number = 1; mapping (address => string) guestbook; //客户留言本 struct Attribute { address owner; // 供应商 string name; // 属性的名字 string date; // 生产日期 string desc; // 描述信息 } mapping (uint => Attribute) attribute; struct Logistics { address owner; // 中转站 string date; // 转运日期 State status; // 状态 string message; // 留言信息 } mapping (uint => Logistics) stations; function Trace(string _name, uint _price, uint _weight) public { name = _name; price = _price; weight = _weight; } // 名称 function getName() public view returns(string){ return name; } // 价格 function getPrice() public view returns(uint){ return price; } // 重量 function getWeight() public view returns(uint){ return weight; } // 增加商品属性 function putAttribute(address _owner,string _name, string _date, string _desc ) public{ if(lock == false){ Attribute memory item = Attribute(_owner, _name,_date,_desc); attribute[attr_number] = item; attr_number = attr_number + 1; } } // 获得属性 function getAttribute(uint _attr_number) public view returns(address, string, string, string) { require(_attr_number < attr_number); Attribute memory item = attribute[_attr_number]; return (item.owner, item.name, item.date, item.desc); } // 增加物流中转信息 function putLogistics(address _owner,string _date, State _status, string _message ) public{ if(close == false){ Logistics memory node = Logistics(_owner,_date,_status,_message); stations[number] = node; number = number + 1; lock = true; } if (_status == State.Received) { close = true; } } // 获得中转信息 function getLogistics(uint _number) public view returns(address, string, State, string) { require(_number < number); Logistics memory node = stations[_number]; return (node.owner, node.date, node.status, node.message); } // 或者转中站数量 function getLogisticsCount() public view returns(uint){ return number; } // 客户留言 function addGuestbook(address _owner, string message) public{ guestbook[_owner] = message; } }
怎样使用这个合约呢?
合约部署,需要输入三个参数,分别是名称,价格和装量
Trace(string _name, uint _price, uint _weight)
应用场景一
调用合约案例一,这是没有经过深加工的原产品案例。例如 Trace("山羊肉", 25, 50)
var contract; Trace.deployed().then(function(instance){contract=instance;}); contract.getName(); contract.putAttribute("0x627306090abab3a6e1400e9345bc60c78a8bef57","颜色", "", "黑色") contract.putAttribute("0x627306090abab3a6e1400e9345bc60c78a8bef57","产地", "", "内蒙古") contract.putAttribute("0x627306090abab3a6e1400e9345bc60c78a8bef57","出生", "2017-01-12", "XXX牧场") contract.putAttribute("0x627306090abab3a6e1400e9345bc60c78a8bef57","宰杀", "2018-02-12", "XXX宰杀") contract.putLogistics("0x627306090abab3a6e1400e9345bc60c78a8bef57","2018-02-20",0,"XXX牧场"); contract.putLogistics("0x627306090abab3a6e1400e9345bc60c78a8bef57","2018-02-20",1,"XXX屠宰公司"); contract.putLogistics("0xc5fdf4076b8f3a5357c5e395ab970b5b54098fef","2018-02-22",2,"XXX检验检疫"); contract.putLogistics("0xf17f52151ebef6c7334fad080c5704d77216b732","2018-02-21",3,"XXX一级经销商"); contract.putLogistics("0x821aea9a577a9b44299b9c15c88cf3087f3b5544","2018-02-23",3,"XXX二级经销商"); contract.putLogistics("0x821aea9a577a9b44299b9c15c88cf3087f3b5544","2018-02-24",3,"XXX批发中心"); contract.putLogistics("0x821aea9a577a9b44299b9c15c88cf3087f3b5544","2018-02-25",3,"XXX超市"); contract.putLogistics("0x0d1d4e623d10f9fba5db95830f7d3839406c6af2","2018-02-26",4,"用户包裹收到"); contract.getNode(); // 获得物流经过的转运站数量 应用场景二
调用合约案例二,经过深加工的原产品案例。
例如 Trace("牦牛肉干", 80, 500)
var contract; Trace.deployed().then(function(instance){contract=instance;}); contract.getName(); contract.putAttribute("0x627306090abab3a6e1400e9345bc60c78a8bef57","调和油", "2016-10-10", "银龙鱼牌") contract.putAttribute("0x627306090abab3a6e1400e9345bc60c78a8bef57","辣椒粉", "2016-10-30", "*XXX公司生产") contract.putAttribute("0x627306090abab3a6e1400e9345bc60c78a8bef57","生抽", "2016-01-12", "XXX生抽,XXX生产") contract.putAttribute("0x627306090abab3a6e1400e9345bc60c78a8bef57","山梨酸钾", "2017-02-12", "XXX生产") contract.putAttribute("0x627306090abab3a6e1400e9345bc60c78a8bef57","防腐剂", "2017-02-12", "XXX生产") contract.putAttribute("0x627306090abab3a6e1400e9345bc60c78a8bef57","牦牛肉", "2017-02-12", "XXX牧场") contract.putLogistics("0x627306090abab3a6e1400e9345bc60c78a8bef57","2018-02-20",0,"XXX牧场"); contract.putLogistics("0x627306090abab3a6e1400e9345bc60c78a8bef57","2018-02-20",1,"XXX公司生产"); contract.putLogistics("0xc5fdf4076b8f3a5357c5e395ab970b5b54098fef","2018-02-22",2,"XXX通过QA、QC"); contract.putLogistics("0xf17f52151ebef6c7334fad080c5704d77216b732","2018-02-21",3,"XXX一级经销商"); contract.putLogistics("0x821aea9a577a9b44299b9c15c88cf3087f3b5544","2018-02-23",3,"XXX二级经销商"); contract.putLogistics("0x821aea9a577a9b44299b9c15c88cf3087f3b5544","2018-02-24",3,"XXX批发中心"); contract.putLogistics("0x821aea9a577a9b44299b9c15c88cf3087f3b5544","2018-02-25",3,"XXX超市"); contract.putLogistics("0x0d1d4e623d10f9fba5db95830f7d3839406c6af2","2018-02-26",4,"用户包裹收到"); contract.getNode(); // 获得物流经过的转运站数量
用户留言
contract.addGuestbook("0x0d1d423e623d10f9d10f9d10f9d10f9d10f9fba5","东西好吃,下次还买,给好评");
以上仅仅是作者的想法,这是一个学习和熟悉只能合约开发的例子,真实场景不太可行,因为以太坊无法处理高TPS的场景。