public class TestRaceCondition implements Runnable{ public static int counter = 0; public static void main(String[] args) { List<Thread> threads = new ArrayList<>(); //產生threads,加入ArrayList for( int i=0 ; i < 10 ; i++) { TestRaceCondition runnable = new TestRaceCondition(); Thread t1 = new Thread(runnable,"T"+i); threads.add(t1); } //一起發動所有的thread for (Thread thread : threads) { thread.start(); } try { //main thread 等待所有執行緒結束 for (Thread thread : threads) { thread.join(); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } //印出最後的值 System.out.println("finally counter = "+counter); } @Override public void run() { for ( int i= 0 ; i < 1000 ;i ++){ incrementCounter(); } } public static void incrementCounter(){ counter = counter + 1; } }
[原始程式架構]
設立10個執行序塞入List中,再同時執行程序,各自生成一個Runnable的物件,執行run(),再incrementCounter()
此處會有共搶的Race Condtion發生,避免此狀況,可使用synchronized管控程序
(%所有synchronized標的都需唯一)
1. static 方法 加上 synchronized
所有用到這個方法的都是受到管控的,鎖頭為類別自身(TestRaceCondition.class)
public static synchronized void incrementCounter(){ counter = counter + 1; }
2.方法中設立專鎖物件控管執行方法
//設立專鎖物件 public final static Object locker = new Object(); @Override public void run() { for ( int i= 0 ; i < 1000 ;i ++){ synchronized (TestRaceCondition.locker) incrementCounter(); } }
3. 一般方法中加上 synchronized
所有用到這個方法的都是受到管控的,鎖頭為自身物件()
但此處每個Thread都各自生成物件執行程式,所以不具管控性,需調整程式為 => 生成一個執行物件,所有程序都使用同一物件
public static void main(String[] args) { . . List<Thread> threads = new ArrayList<>(); TestRaceCondition runnable = new TestRaceCondition(); for( int i=0 ; i < 10 ; i++) { Thread t1 = new Thread(runnable,"T"+i); threads.add(t1); . . @Override public synchronized void run() { for ( int i= 0 ; i < 1000 ;i ++){ incrementCounter(); } }