一、项目名称
五子棋
二、项目思路
1、搜集图片材料
2、绘制棋盘
3、实现鼠标下棋
4、用dfs判断输赢
5、实现双方下棋
6、实现AI下棋
（1）使用AI估分函数
（2）设计AI计算深度
（3）优化AI算法（α-β算法）
三、代码实现
1 #include <stdio.h>
2 //加载图形库文件
3 #include <easyx.h>
4 //加载windows库文件
5 #include <Windows.h>
6 //加载音乐文件
7 #include <mmsystem.h>
8 #include <conio.h>
9 #include <stack>
10 //加载winmm.lib
11 #pragma comment(lib,"winmm.lib")
12 //每个格子的宽度
13 #define GRID_W 25
14 //定义左和上的间隔宽度
15 #define INTERVAL (4 * GRID_W)
16 //棋盘长度
17 #define ROW 15
18 //棋盘宽度
19 #define COL 15
20 //存储棋盘状态
21 using namespace std;
22 int Chess[ROW][COL];
23 //定义玩家和AI操作
24 int f = 1;
25 //定义状态种类
26 enum class Status { None, Black, White };
27 //定义玩家操作状态集合
28 struct node {
29 int x = 0;//当前操作目标横坐标
30 int y = 0;//当前操作目标纵坐标
31 bool isShow = false;//是否显示下棋框
32 //鼠标当前所在数组对应的下标
33 int row = 0;
34 int col = 0;
35 //棋手状态
36 Status chessPlayer = Status::Black;
37 }op;
38 struct undo {
39 int x;
40 int y;
41 };
42 //定义悔棋栈区
43 stack <undo> white;
44 stack <undo> black;
45 //定义AI操作状态集合
46 struct aiNode{ int x;
47 int y;
48 int ans; }aiOperation;
49 //悔棋操作
50 int popChess(stack <undo> &s)
51 {
52 if (s.empty()) {
53 MessageBox(GetHWnd(), "您还没有下棋哦>0<", "", MB_OK);
54 return 0;
55 }
56 else {
57 undo v = s.top();
58 s.pop();
59 Chess[v.x][v.y] = int(Status::None);
60 return 1;
61 }
62 }
63 //清空栈区函数
64 void clearStack(stack <undo>& s)
65 {
66 s = stack <undo>();
67 }
68 //判断棋盘满棋
69 bool judgeFullchess()
70 {
71 for (int i = 0; i < ROW; i++)
72 for (int j = 0; j < COL; j++)
73 if (!Chess[i][j])
74 return false;
75 return true;
76 }
77 //清空棋盘
78 void flushCheckerBoard()
79 {
80 for (int i = 0; i < ROW; i++)
81 for (int j = 0; j < COL; j++)
82 Chess[i][j] = int(Status::None);
83 }
84 //判断赢棋
85 bool judgeWinner(int sx, int sy)
86 {
87 int mx[8] = { 1,-1,1,-1,0,0,1,-1 };
88 int my[8] = { -1,1,1,-1,1,-1,0,0 };
89 for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
90 int cnt = 1;
91 int dx = sx;
92 int dy = sy;
93 while (1) {
94 dx = mx[i * 2] + dx;
95 dy = my[i * 2] + dy;
96 if (dx < 0 || dx >= 15 || dy < 0 || dy >= 15)
97 break;
98 if (Chess[dx][dy] != int(op.chessPlayer))
99 break;
100 cnt++;
101 }
102 dx = sx;
103 dy = sy;
104 while (1) {
105 dx = mx[i * 2 + 1] + dx;
106 dy = my[i * 2 + 1] + dy;
107 if (dx < 0 || dx >= 15 || dy < 0 || dy >= 15)
108 break;
109 if (Chess[dx][dy] != int(op.chessPlayer))
110 break;
111 cnt++;
112 }
113 if (cnt >= 5)
114 return true;
115 }
116 return false;
117 }
118 //绘制棋盘
119 void drawCheckerBoard()
120 {
121 setlinecolor(BLACK);
122 setlinestyle(PS_SOLID, 1);
123 for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
124 //绘制线条
125 line(INTERVAL, INTERVAL + i * GRID_W, GRID_W * 14 + INTERVAL, INTERVAL + i * GRID_W);
126 line(INTERVAL + i * GRID_W, INTERVAL, INTERVAL + i * GRID_W, GRID_W * 14 + INTERVAL);
127 }
128 //设置线条样式
129 setlinestyle(PS_SOLID, 3);
130 //绘制矩阵，加宽外框
131 rectangle(INTERVAL, INTERVAL, INTERVAL + GRID_W * 14, INTERVAL + GRID_W * 14);
132 //绘制下棋选择框
133 if (op.isShow) {//防止出棋盘还显示下棋框
134 setlinecolor(BLUE);
135 rectangle(op.x - 12, op.y - 12, op.x + 12, op.y + 12);
136 }
137 //绘制棋子
138 for (int i = 0; i < ROW; i++)
139 for (int j = 0; j < COL; j++) {
140 switch (Chess[i][j]) {
141 case 0:break;
142 case 1:
143 setfillcolor(BLACK);
144 solidcircle(i * GRID_W + INTERVAL, j * GRID_W + INTERVAL, 10);
145 break;//矩阵坐标和实际坐标相反
146 case 2:
147 setfillcolor(WHITE);
148 solidcircle(i * GRID_W + INTERVAL, j * GRID_W + INTERVAL, 10);
149 break;//矩阵坐标和实际坐标相反
150 default:
151 break;
152 }
153 }
154 }
155 //鼠标操作
156 void mouseEvent()
157 {
158 //定义一个消息结构体变量
159 ExMessage msg;
160 //获取鼠标消息
161 if (peekmessage(&msg, EM_MOUSE)) {//EM_MOUSE只需要鼠标消息
162 //认输
163 if (msg.message == WM_LBUTTONDOWN) {
164 if (msg.x >= 460 && msg.x <= 485 && msg.y >= 250 && msg.y < 280) {
165 //清空棋子区
166 clearStack(white);
167 clearStack(black);
168 MessageBox(GetHWnd(), "Win", op.chessPlayer == Status::White ? "黑方" : "白方", MB_OK);
169 MessageBox(GetHWnd(), "重新开始", "下轮黑方先手", MB_OK);
170 //棋手状态转换
171 op.chessPlayer = Status::Black;
172 flushCheckerBoard();
173 return;
174 }
175 else if(msg.x >= 460 && msg.x <= 485 && msg.y >= 285 && msg.y < 315) {
176 //清空棋子区
177 clearStack(white);
178 clearStack(black);
179 MessageBox(GetHWnd(), "重新开始", "平局", MB_OK);
180 MessageBox(GetHWnd(), "", "下轮黑方先手", MB_OK);
181 //棋手状态转换
182 op.chessPlayer = Status::Black;
183 flushCheckerBoard();
184 return;
185 }
186 else if(msg.x >= 460 && msg.x <= 485 && msg.y >= 215 && msg.y < 245) {
187 //判断是否悔棋
188 int check = 0;
189 if (op.chessPlayer == Status::Black)
190 check = popChess(white);
191 else
192 check = popChess(black);
193 //如果没有悔棋
194 if (!check)
195 return;
196 //棋手状态转换
197 op.chessPlayer = (op.chessPlayer == Status::Black ? Status::White : Status::Black);
198 drawCheckerBoard();
199 FlushBatchDraw();
200 return;
201 }
202 }
203 //坐标校准(自动聚焦到棋盘上某个点的中心)
204 op.isShow = false;
205 int intervalGridx = msg.x % GRID_W;
206 int intervalGridy = msg.y % GRID_W;
207 int gridx, gridy;
208 //校准x坐标
209 if (intervalGridx <= GRID_W / 2)
210 gridx = (msg.x / GRID_W) * GRID_W;
211 else
212 gridx = (msg.x / GRID_W + 1) * GRID_W;
213 //校准y坐标
214 if (intervalGridy <= GRID_W / 2)
215 gridy = (msg.y / GRID_W) * GRID_W;
216 else
217 gridy = (msg.y / GRID_W + 1) * GRID_W;
218 //判断是否越出棋盘
219 if (gridx < INTERVAL || gridy < INTERVAL ||
220 gridx > INTERVAL + GRID_W * 14 || gridy > INTERVAL + GRID_W * 14)
221 return;
222 op.isShow = true;
223 op.row = (gridx - INTERVAL) / GRID_W;
224 op.col = (gridy - INTERVAL) / GRID_W;
225 op.x = gridx;
226 op.y = gridy;
227 //左击下棋
228 if (msg.message == WM_LBUTTONDOWN && Chess[op.row][op.col] == 0) {
229 //棋盘状态标记
230 Chess[op.row][op.col] = int(op.chessPlayer);
231 if (op.chessPlayer == Status::Black)
232 black.push({ op.row,op.col });
233 else
234 white.push({ op.row,op.col });
235 drawCheckerBoard();
236 FlushBatchDraw();
237 //判断赢棋
238 if (judgeWinner(op.row, op.col)) {
239 MessageBox(GetHWnd(), "Win", op.chessPlayer == Status::White ? "白方" : "黑方", MB_OK);
240 MessageBox(GetHWnd(), "重新开始", op.chessPlayer == Status::White ? "下轮黑方先手" : "下轮白方先手", MB_OK);
241 //清空棋子栈区
242 clearStack(white);
243 clearStack(black);
244 flushCheckerBoard();
245 }
246 //棋手状态转换
247 op.chessPlayer = (op.chessPlayer == Status::Black ? Status::White : Status::Black);
248 }
249 //满棋的情况
250 if (judgeFullchess()) {
251 MessageBox(GetHWnd(), "和棋", "重新开始", MB_OK);
252 //清空棋子栈区
253 clearStack(white);
254 clearStack(black);
255 flushCheckerBoard();
256 }
257 }
258 }
259 //背景音乐
260 void bkmusic()
261 {
262 mciSendString("open ./bkmusic.mp3 alias music", 0, 0, 0);
263 mciSendString("play music repeat", NULL, 0, NULL);
264 }
265 //背景图片
266 void bkimage()
267 {
268 //双缓冲绘图 让数据批量处理，不让图像闪烁
269 BeginBatchDraw();
270 IMAGE img_bk;//创建图片对象
271 loadimage(&img_bk, "./checkerboard.jpg", 0, 0);
272 putimage(0, 0, &img_bk);
273 setbkmode(TRANSPARENT);
274 settextcolor(BLUE);
275 settextstyle(30, 10, "楷体");
276 outtextxy(460, 200, "----");
277 outtextxy(460, 215, "悔棋");
278 outtextxy(495, 215, "|");
279 outtextxy(455, 215, "|");
280 outtextxy(460, 230, "----");
281
282 outtextxy(460, 235, "----");
283 outtextxy(460, 250, "认输");
284 outtextxy(495, 250, "|");
285 outtextxy(455, 250, "|");
286 outtextxy(460, 265, "----");
287
288 outtextxy(460, 270, "----");
289 outtextxy(460, 285, "求和");
290 outtextxy(495, 285, "|");
291 outtextxy(455, 285, "|");
292 outtextxy(460, 300, "----");
293 }
294 void menumusic()
295 {
296 mciSendString("open ./menumusic.mp3 alias music", 0, 0, 0);
297 mciSendString("play music repeat", NULL, 0, NULL);
298 }
299 //菜单背景图片
300 void menuImage()
301 {
302 IMAGE img_menubk;//创建图片对象
303 loadimage(&img_menubk, "./menubk.jpg", 0, 0);
304 putimage(0, 0, &img_menubk);
305 }
306 //对AI落子评分
307 void judgeRobotValue(int robotNum, int empty, int sx, int sy)
308 {
309 int cnt = 0;
310 //一连
311 if (robotNum == 0)
312 cnt = 5;
313 //二连
314 else if (robotNum == 1)
315 cnt = 10;
316 //三连
317 else if (robotNum == 2) {
318 //死三
319 if (empty == 1)
320 cnt = 25;
321 //活三
322 else if (empty == 2)
323 cnt = 50;
324 }
325 //连四
326 else if (robotNum == 3) {
327 //死四
328 if (empty == 1)
329 cnt = 55;
330 //活四
331 else if (empty == 2)
332 cnt = 300;
333 }
334 //连五
335 else if (robotNum == 4)
336 cnt = 30000;
337 if (cnt > aiOperation.ans) {
338 aiOperation.x = sx;
339 aiOperation.y = sy;
340 aiOperation.ans = cnt;
341 }
342 }
343 //对玩家落子评分
344 void judgePersonValue(int personNum,int empty,int sx,int sy)
345 {
346 int cnt = 0;
347 //连二
348 if (personNum == 1) {
349 cnt = 10;
350 }
351 //连三
352 else if (personNum == 2) {
353 //死三
354 if (empty == 1)
355 cnt = 30;
356 //活三
357 else if (empty == 2)
358 cnt = 40;
359 }
360 //连四
361 else if (personNum == 3) {
362 //死四
363 if (empty == 1)
364 cnt = 60;
365 //活四
366 else if (empty == 2)
367 cnt = 200;
368 }
369 //连五
370 else if (personNum == 4)
371 cnt = 20000;
372 if (cnt > aiOperation.ans) {
373 aiOperation.x = sx;
374 aiOperation.y = sy;
375 aiOperation.ans = cnt;
376 }
377 }
378 //初始化AI
379 void initAI()
380 {
381 aiOperation.ans = 0;
382 aiOperation.x = 0;
383 aiOperation.y = 0;
384 int mx[8] = { 1,-1,1,-1,0,0,1,-1 };
385 int my[8] = { -1,1,1,-1,1,-1,0,0 };
386 //对玩家进行评分 玩家是黑子
387 for(int i = 0;i < ROW;i++)
388 for (int j = 0; j < COL; j++) {
389 int sx = i, sy = j;
390 int empty,personNum,robotNum;
391 if (!Chess[sx][sy]) {
392 int dx = sx, dy = sy;
393 for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
394 personNum = 0;
395 robotNum = 0;
396 empty = 0;
397 //判断玩家落子
398 dx = sx, dy = sy;
399 for (int z = 0; z < 5;z++) {
400 dx = dx + mx[2 * k];
401 dy = dy + my[2 * k];
402 if (dx < 0 || dy < 0 || dx >= 15 || dy >= 15)
403 break;
404 //碰到AI棋子就退出
405 if (Chess[dx][dy] == 2) {
406 break;
407 }
408 //空格情况退出
409 if (Chess[dx][dy] == 0) {
410 empty++;
411 break;
412 }
413 personNum++;
414 }
415 dx = sx,dy = sy;
416 for (int z = 0; z < 5;z++) {
417 dx = dx + mx[2 * k + 1];
418 dy = dy + my[2 * k + 1];
419 //越界情况退出
420 if (dx < 0 || dy < 0 || dx >= 15 || dy >= 15)
421 break;
422 //碰到AI棋子就退出
423 if (Chess[dx][dy] == 2) {
424 break;
425 }
426 //碰到空格退出
427 if (Chess[dx][dy] == 0) {
428 empty++;
429 break;
430 }
431 personNum++;
432 }
433 judgePersonValue(personNum,empty,sx,sy);
434 //初始化搜索状态
435 empty = 0;
436 dx = sx,dy = sy;
437 //判断AI落子
438 for (int z = 0; z < 5;z++) {
439 dx = dx + mx[2 * k];
440 dy = dy + my[2 * k];
441 if (dx < 0 || dy < 0 || dx >= 15 || dy >= 15)
442 break;
443 //碰到玩家棋子就退出
444 if (Chess[dx][dy] == 1) {
445 break;
446 }
447 //空格情况退出
448 if (Chess[dx][dy] == 0) {
449 empty++;
450 break;
451 }
452 robotNum++;
453 }
454 dx = sx,dy = sy;
455 for (int z = 0; z < 5;z++) {
456 dx = dx + mx[2 * k + 1];
457 dy = dy + my[2 * k + 1];
458 //越界情况退出
459 if (dx < 0 || dy < 0 || dx >= 15 || dy >= 15)
460 break;
461 //碰到玩家棋子就退出
462 if (Chess[dx][dy] == 1) {
463 break;
464 }
465 //碰到空格退出
466 if (Chess[dx][dy] == 0) {
467 empty++;
468 break;
469 }
470 robotNum++;
471 }
472 judgeRobotValue(robotNum, empty, sx, sy);
473 }
474 }
475 }
476 }
477 //AI操作
478 void aiEvent()
479 {
480 if (f == -1) {
481 initAI();
482 //AI选择框不显示
483 op.isShow = false;
484 op.row = aiOperation.x;
485 op.col = aiOperation.y;
486 op.x = aiOperation.x * GRID_W + INTERVAL;
487 op.y = aiOperation.y * GRID_W + INTERVAL;
488 //AI下棋
489 if (Chess[op.row][op.col] == 0) {
490 //棋盘状态标记
491 Chess[op.row][op.col] = 2;
492 drawCheckerBoard();
493 FlushBatchDraw();
494 //判断赢棋
495 if (judgeWinner(op.row, op.col)) {
496 MessageBox(GetHWnd(), "Win", "AI", MB_OK);
497 MessageBox(GetHWnd(), "重新开始", "下轮玩家先手", MB_OK);
498 clearStack(white);
499 clearStack(black);
500 flushCheckerBoard();
501 }
502 //棋手状态转换
503 op.chessPlayer = Status::Black;
504 f = 1;
505 }
506 //满棋的情况
507 if (judgeFullchess()) {
508 MessageBox(GetHWnd(), "和棋", "重新开始", MB_OK);
509 clearStack(white);
510 clearStack(black);
511 op.chessPlayer = Status::Black;
512 f = 1;
513 flushCheckerBoard();
514 }
515 }
516 else {
517 //定义一个消息结构体变量
518 ExMessage msg;
519 //获取鼠标消息
520 if (peekmessage(&msg, EM_MOUSE)) {//EM_MOUSE只需要鼠标消息
521 if (msg.message == WM_LBUTTONDOWN) {
522 if (msg.x >= 460 && msg.x <= 485 && msg.y >= 250 && msg.y < 280) {
523 //清空棋子区
524 clearStack(white);
525 clearStack(black);
526 MessageBox(GetHWnd(), "Win", "AI", MB_OK);
527 MessageBox(GetHWnd(), "重新开始", "下轮玩家先手", MB_OK);
528 //棋手状态转换
529 op.chessPlayer = Status::Black;
530 flushCheckerBoard();
531 return;
532 }
533 else if (msg.x >= 460 && msg.x <= 485 && msg.y >= 285 && msg.y < 315) {
534 //清空棋子区
535 clearStack(white);
536 clearStack(black);
537 MessageBox(GetHWnd(), "重新开始", "平局", MB_OK);
538 MessageBox(GetHWnd(), "", "下轮黑方先手", MB_OK);
539 //棋手状态转换
540 op.chessPlayer = Status::Black;
541 flushCheckerBoard();
542 return;
543 }
544 }
545 //坐标校准(自动聚焦到棋盘上某个点的中心)
546 op.isShow = false;
547 int intervalGridx = msg.x % GRID_W;
548 int intervalGridy = msg.y % GRID_W;
549 int gridx, gridy;
550 //校准x坐标
551 if (intervalGridx <= GRID_W / 2)
552 gridx = (msg.x / GRID_W) * GRID_W;
553 else
554 gridx = (msg.x / GRID_W + 1) * GRID_W;
555 //校准y坐标
556 if (intervalGridy <= GRID_W / 2)
557 gridy = (msg.y / GRID_W) * GRID_W;
558 else
559 gridy = (msg.y / GRID_W + 1) * GRID_W;
560 //判断是否越出棋盘
561 if (gridx < INTERVAL || gridy < INTERVAL ||
562 gridx > INTERVAL + GRID_W * 14 || gridy > INTERVAL + GRID_W * 14)
563 return;
564 op.isShow = true;
565 op.row = (gridx - INTERVAL) / GRID_W;
566 op.col = (gridy - INTERVAL) / GRID_W;
567 op.x = gridx;
568 op.y = gridy;
569 //左击下棋
570 if (msg.message == WM_LBUTTONDOWN && Chess[op.row][op.col] == 0) {
571 //棋盘状态标记
572 Chess[op.row][op.col] = 1;
573 drawCheckerBoard();
574 FlushBatchDraw();
575 //判断赢棋
576 if (judgeWinner(op.row, op.col)) {
577 MessageBox(GetHWnd(), "Win", "玩家", MB_OK);
578 MessageBox(GetHWnd(), "重新开始", "下轮玩家先手", MB_OK);
579 clearStack(white);
580 clearStack(black);
581 op.chessPlayer = Status::Black;
582 f = 1;
583 flushCheckerBoard();
584 return;
585 }
586 //棋手状态转换
587 op.chessPlayer = Status::White;
588 f = -1;
589 }
590 //满棋的情况
591 if (judgeFullchess()) {
592 MessageBox(GetHWnd(), "和棋", "重新开始", MB_OK);
593 clearStack(white);
594 clearStack(black);
595 op.chessPlayer = Status::Black;
596 f = 1;
597 flushCheckerBoard();
598 }
599 }
600 }
601 }
602 //双人对战
603 void gameMode1()
604 {
605 bkmusic();
606 while (1)
607 {
608 //清屏
609 cleardevice();
610 //加载图片
611 bkimage();
612 //绘制棋盘
613 drawCheckerBoard();
614 //鼠标操作
615 mouseEvent();
616 //刷新
617 FlushBatchDraw();
618 }
619 //结束绘图
620 EndBatchDraw();
621 }
622 //人机对战
623 void gameMode2()
624 {
625 bkmusic();
626 while (1)
627 {
628 //清屏
629 cleardevice();
630 //加载图片
631 bkimage();
632 //绘制棋盘
633 drawCheckerBoard();
634 aiEvent();
635 //刷新
636 FlushBatchDraw();
637 }
638 //结束绘图
639 EndBatchDraw();
640 }
641 //游戏模式
642 void gameMode()
643 {//获取鼠标消息
644 ExMessage msg;
645 int gridx, gridy;
646 while (1) {
647 if (peekmessage(&msg, EM_MOUSE)) {//EM_MOUSE只需要鼠标消息
648 op.isShow = true;
649 if (msg.message == WM_LBUTTONDOWN) {
650 gridx = msg.x;
651 gridy = msg.y;
652 if (gridx >= 170 && gridx <= 420 && gridy >= 170 && gridy < 220)
653 gameMode1();
654 else if (gridx >= 170 && gridx <= 420 && gridy >= 220 && gridy < 270)
655 gameMode2();
656 else if (gridx >= 170 && gridx <= 420 && gridy >= 270 && gridy < 320)
657 return;
658 }
659 }
660 }
661 }
662 //开始菜单
663 void menu()
664 {
665 menuImage();
666 menumusic();
667 // 设置背景为透明
668 setbkmode(TRANSPARENT);
669 settextcolor(BLUE);
670 settextstyle(50, 15, "楷体");
671 outtextxy(170, 120, " 游戏菜单");
672 outtextxy(170, 170, "1.双人对战");
673 outtextxy(170, 220, "2.人机对战");
674 outtextxy(170, 270, "3.退出游戏");
675 gameMode();
676 }
677 int main()
678 {
679 initgraph(529, 529);//创建窗口
680 menu();
681 return 0;
682 }
四、项目展示
五、项目总结
第一次写项目，很多函数不熟悉，也是边看教程边熟悉函数，难点在于估分函数的设置以及AI的α-β算法的剪枝算法，希望能够在这个项目的基础上再次优化一下AI的算法。