问题描述:
编写一个函数来查找字符串数组中的最长公共前缀。
如果不存在公共前缀,返回空字符串 ""
。
示例 1:
输入: ["flower","flow","flight"]
输出: "fl"
示例 2:
输入: ["dog","racecar","car"]
输出: ""
解释: 输入不存在公共前缀。
说明:
所有输入只包含小写字母 a-z
。
方法1:
贪心:将第一个串和第二个串进行比较,得出的最长前缀再与剩下的进行比较。(48ms)
class Solution(object):
def longestCommonPrefix(self, strs):
"""
:type strs: List[str]
:rtype: str
"""
if len(strs)>1: s0 = strs[0]
s1 = strs[1]
elif len(strs) == 1:
return strs[0]
else:
return ""
common = ""
flag = True
i = 0
while flag and i < len(s0) and i < len(s1):
if s0[i] == s1[i]:
common += s0[i]
else:
flag = False
i += 1
for i in range (2,len(strs)):
c = strs[i]
j = 0
common2 = ""
while j < len(c) and j < len(common):
if c[j] == common[j]:
common2 += c[j]
j += 1
else:
break
common = common2
return common
方法2(官方):
利用min和max函数,找出List中最小值元素s1和最大值元素s2,纪录s1中和s2字符不相同时候的下标,进行截断处理。(24ms)
1 if not len(strs):
return ''
3 s1 = min(strs)
s2 = max(strs)
for n, s in enumerate(s1):
if not s2[n] == s:
return s1[:n]
return s1
注:enumerate() 函数用于将一个可遍历的数据对象(如列表、元组或字符串)组合为一个索引序列,同时列出数据和数据下标,一般用在 for 循环当中。
>>>seasons = ['Spring', 'Summer', 'Fall', 'Winter']
>>> list(enumerate(seasons))
[(0, 'Spring'), (1, 'Summer'), (2, 'Fall'), (3, 'Winter')]
>>> list(enumerate(seasons, start=1)) # 小标从 1 开始
[(1, 'Spring'), (2, 'Summer'), (3, 'Fall'), (4, 'Winter')]
>>>seq = ['one', 'two', 'three']
>>> for i, element in enumerate(seq):
... print i, element
...
0 one
1 two
2 three
方法3:
ans = "" for i in zip(*strs):
if len(set(i)) > 1:
return ans
ans += i[0] return ans
例
strs=["flower","flgdcvghyf","fove"]
for i in zip(*strs):
print(i) >>
('f','f','f')
('l','l','o')
('o','g','v')
('w','d','e')
2018-07-22 11:18:24