spring boot(六)：如何优雅的使用mybatis

2022-01-02 00:25:02

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这两天启动了一个新项目因为项目组成员一直都使用的是 Mybatis，虽然个人比较喜欢 Jpa 这种极简的模式，但是为了项目保持统一性技术选型还是定了 Mybatis 。到网上找了一下关于 Spring Boot 和 Mybatis 组合的相关资料，各种各样的形式都有，看的人心累，结合了 Mybatis 的官方 Demo 和文档终于找到了最简的两种模式，花了一天时间总结后分享出来。

Orm 框架的本质是简化编程中操作数据库的编码，发展到现在基本上就剩两家了，一个是宣称可以不用写一句 Sql 的 Hibernate，一个是可以灵活调试动态 Sql 的 Mybatis ,两者各有特点，在企业级系统开发中可以根据需求灵活使用。发现一个有趣的现象：传统企业大都喜欢使用 Hibernate ,互联网行业通常使用 Mybatis 。

Hibernate 特点就是所有的 Sql 都用 Java 代码来生成，不用跳出程序去写（看） Sql ，有着编程的完整性，发展到最顶端就是 Spring Data Jpa 这种模式了，基本上根据方法名就可以生成对应的 Sql 了，有不太了解的可以看我的上篇文章Spring Boot(五)： Spring Data Jpa 的使用。

Mybatis 初期使用比较麻烦，需要各种配置文件、实体类、Dao 层映射关联、还有一大推其它配置。当然 Mybatis 也发现了这种弊端，初期开发了generator可以根据表结果自动生产实体类、配置文件和 Dao 层代码，可以减轻一部分开发量；后期也进行了大量的优化可以使用注解了，自动管理 Dao 层和配置文件等，发展到最顶端就是今天要讲的这种模式了，mybatis-spring-boot-starter 就是 Spring Boot+ Mybatis 可以完全注解不用配置文件，也可以简单配置轻松上手。

现在想想 Spring Boot 就是牛逼呀，任何东西只要关联到 Spring Boot 都是化繁为简。

mybatis-spring-boot-starter

官方说明：MyBatis Spring-Boot-Starter will help you use MyBatis with Spring Boot
其实就是 Mybatis 看 Spring Boot 这么火热也开发出一套解决方案来凑凑热闹，但这一凑确实解决了很多问题，使用起来确实顺畅了许多。mybatis-spring-boot-starter主要有两种解决方案，一种是使用注解解决一切问题，一种是简化后的老传统。

当然任何模式都需要首先引入mybatis-spring-boot-starter的 Pom 文件，现在最新版本是 2.0.0

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>

    <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>

    <version>2.0.0</version>

</dependency>

好了下来分别介绍两种开发模式

无配置文件注解版

就是一切使用注解搞定。

1 添加相关 Maven 文件

<dependencies>

    <dependency>

        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>

        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>

        <version>2.0.0</version>

    </dependency>

     <dependency>

        <groupId>mysql</groupId>

        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>

    </dependency>

</dependencies>

完整的 Pom 包这里就不贴了，大家直接看源码

2、application.properties 添加相关配置

mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.neo.model

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true

spring.datasource.username=root

spring.datasource.password=root

spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

Spring Boot 会自动加载 spring.datasource.* 相关配置，数据源就会自动注入到 sqlSessionFactory 中，sqlSessionFactory 会自动注入到 Mapper 中，对了，你一切都不用管了，直接拿起来使用就行了。

在启动类中添加对 mapper 包扫描@MapperScan

@SpringBootApplication

@MapperScan("com.neo.mapper")

public class MybatisAnnotationApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(MybatisAnnotationApplication.class, args);

    }

}

或者直接在 Mapper 类上面添加注解@Mapper，建议使用上面那种，不然每个 mapper 加个注解也挺麻烦的

3、开发 Mapper

第三步是最关键的一块， Sql 生产都在这里

public interface UserMapper {

    @Select("SELECT * FROM users")

    @Results({

        @Result(property = "userSex",  column = "user_sex", javaType = UserSexEnum.class),

        @Result(property = "nickName", column = "nick_name")

    })

    List<UserEntity> getAll();

    @Select("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = #{id}")

    @Results({

        @Result(property = "userSex",  column = "user_sex", javaType = UserSexEnum.class),

        @Result(property = "nickName", column = "nick_name")

    })

    UserEntity getOne(Long id);

    @Insert("INSERT INTO users(userName,passWord,user_sex) VALUES(#{userName}, #{passWord}, #{userSex})")

    void insert(UserEntity user);

    @Update("UPDATE users SET userName=#{userName},nick_name=#{nickName} WHERE id =#{id}")

    void update(UserEntity user);

    @Delete("DELETE FROM users WHERE id =#{id}")

    void delete(Long id);

}

为了更接近生产我特地将 user_sex、nick_name 两个属性在数据库加了下划线和实体类属性名不一致，另外 user_sex 使用了枚举

  • @Select 是查询类的注解，所有的查询均使用这个
  • @Result 修饰返回的结果集，关联实体类属性和数据库字段一一对应，如果实体类属性和数据库属性名保持一致，就不需要这个属性来修饰。
  • @Insert 插入数据库使用，直接传入实体类会自动解析属性到对应的值
  • @Update 负责修改，也可以直接传入对象
  • @delete 负责删除

了解更多属性参考这里

注意，使用#符号和$符号的不同：

// This example creates a prepared statement, something like select * from teacher where name = ?;

@Select("Select * from teacher where name = #{name}")

Teacher selectTeachForGivenName(@Param("name") String name);

// This example creates n inlined statement, something like select * from teacher where name = 'someName';

@Select("Select * from teacher where name = '${name}'")

Teacher selectTeachForGivenName(@Param("name") String name);

4、使用

上面三步就基本完成了相关 Mapper 层开发，使用的时候当作普通的类注入进入就可以了

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest

public class UserMapperTest {

    @Autowired

    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @Test

    public void testInsert() throws Exception {

        userMapper.insert(new User("aa1", "a123456", UserSexEnum.MAN));

        userMapper.insert(new User("bb1", "b123456", UserSexEnum.WOMAN));

        userMapper.insert(new User("cc1", "b123456", UserSexEnum.WOMAN));

        Assert.assertEquals(3, userMapper.getAll().size());

    }

    @Test

    public void testQuery() throws Exception {

        List<User> users = userMapper.getAll();

        System.out.println(users.toString());

    }

    @Test

    public void testUpdate() throws Exception {

        User user = userMapper.getOne(30l);

        System.out.println(user.toString());

        user.setNickName("neo");

        userMapper.update(user);

        Assert.assertTrue(("neo".equals(userMapper.getOne(30l).getNickName())));

    }

}

源码中 Controller 层有完整的增删改查，这里就不贴了

极简 xml 版本

极简 xml 版本保持映射文件的老传统，接口层只需要定义空方法，系统会自动根据方法名在映射文件中找对应的 Sql .

1、配置

pom 文件和上个版本一样，只是application.properties新增以下配置

mybatis.config-location=classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml

mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml

指定了 Mybatis 基础配置文件和实体类映射文件的地址

mybatis-config.xml 配置

<configuration>

    <typeAliases>

        <typeAlias alias="Integer" type="java.lang.Integer" />

        <typeAlias alias="Long" type="java.lang.Long" />

        <typeAlias alias="HashMap" type="java.util.HashMap" />

        <typeAlias alias="LinkedHashMap" type="java.util.LinkedHashMap" />

        <typeAlias alias="ArrayList" type="java.util.ArrayList" />

        <typeAlias alias="LinkedList" type="java.util.LinkedList" />

    </typeAliases>

</configuration>

这里也可以添加一些 Mybatis 基础的配置

2、添加 User 的映射文件

<mapper namespace="com.neo.mapper.UserMapper" >

    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.neo.entity.UserEntity" >

        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT" />

        <result column="userName" property="userName" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />

        <result column="passWord" property="passWord" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />

        <result column="user_sex" property="userSex" javaType="com.neo.enums.UserSexEnum"/>

        <result column="nick_name" property="nickName" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />

    </resultMap>

    <sql id="Base_Column_List" >

        id, userName, passWord, user_sex, nick_name

    </sql>

    <select id="getAll" resultMap="BaseResultMap"  >

       SELECT

       <include refid="Base_Column_List" />

       FROM users

    </select>

    <select id="getOne" parameterType="java.lang.Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap" >

        SELECT

       <include refid="Base_Column_List" />

       FROM users

       WHERE id = #{id}

    </select>

    <insert id="insert" parameterType="com.neo.entity.UserEntity" >

       INSERT INTO

            users

            (userName,passWord,user_sex)

        VALUES

            (#{userName}, #{passWord}, #{userSex})

    </insert>

    <update id="update" parameterType="com.neo.entity.UserEntity" >

       UPDATE

            users

       SET

        <if test="userName != null">userName = #{userName},</if>

        <if test="passWord != null">passWord = #{passWord},</if>

        nick_name = #{nickName}

       WHERE

            id = #{id}

    </update>

    <delete id="delete" parameterType="java.lang.Long" >

       DELETE FROM

             users

       WHERE

             id =#{id}

    </delete>

</mapper>

其实就是把上个版本中 Mapper 的 Sql 搬到了这里的 xml 中了

3、编写 Mapper 层的代码

public interface UserMapper {

    List<UserEntity> getAll();

    UserEntity getOne(Long id);

    void insert(UserEntity user);

    void update(UserEntity user);

    void delete(Long id);

}

对比上一步，这里只需要定义接口方法

4、使用

使用和上个版本没有任何区别，大家就看文章对应的示例代码吧

如何选择

两种模式各有特点，注解版适合简单快速的模式，其实像现在流行的这种微服务模式，一个微服务就会对应一个自已的数据库，多表连接查询的需求会大大的降低，会越来越适合这种模式。

老传统模式比适合大型项目，可以灵活的动态生成 Sql ，方便调整 Sql ，也有痛痛快快，洋洋洒洒的写 Sql 的感觉。

文章内容已经升级到 Spring Boot 2.x

示例代码-github

示例代码-码云

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