iOS 音频开发经验汇总

一.音乐播放类概念

iOS 下能支持歌曲和声音播放的的类有几个:

  1. SystemSound
  2. AVFoundtion库中的AVAudioPlayer #重要

  3. MediMPMusicPlayerController

常用音频控件 
3. MPMediaPickerController 本地音乐库选择器 
5. MPVolumeView 播放进度条

这里有一个PPT在解释几种概念:

https://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jsanchez/NSSpain.pdf 
这教程中同时用不同机制播放例子: 
https://github.com/jsanchezsierra/AudioLab

声音可视化的设计

如果想要程序中输出声音,波形,频谱以及其它特效, 
一定要看一下这一篇教程:

iPodVisualizer

http://www.raywenderlich.com/36475/how-to-make-a-music-visualizer-in-ios

它是种用AVAudioPlayer 的averagePowerForChannel 这样接口来输出波形文件。 
MPMusicPlayerController没有发现支持这一功能 
iOS 音频开发经验汇总

aurioTouch

另外Apple官方给出一个输出例子:aurioTouch 录音数据的波形,其中带普通波形文件,以及经过FFT运算得到频谱数据。可以参考。

源码在此:https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/samplecode/aurioTouch/Introduction/Intro.html

以及更新版(苹果已经移走这个版本) 
https://github.com/caseytcaprice/aurioTouch2

根据 
https://github.com/irtemed88/PitchDetector

PitchDetector

画得更加完美的波形文件: 
https://github.com/irtemed88/PitchDetector

SpeakHere

Apple官方给的例子,显示录音实时波开: 
https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/samplecode/SpeakHere/Introduction/Intro.html

AvTouch

更简单的声音转波形的例子 
https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/samplecode/avTouch/Introduction/Intro.html

选择系统歌曲文件

音乐App的歌曲来源有三种,一个是本地沙盒自带歌曲,另一个网络歌曲,

选择系统音乐库

第三个就系统音乐库带的歌曲,

它可以由 MPMediaPickerController 类来调用

- (IBAction)addPressed:(id)sender {
MPMediaType mediaType = MPMediaTypeMusic;
MPMediaPickerController *picker = [[MPMediaPickerController alloc] initWithMediaTypes:mediaType];
picker.delegate = self;
[picker setAllowsPickingMultipleItems:YES];
picker.prompt = NSLocalizedString(@"Select items to play", @"Select items to play");
[self presentViewController:picker animated:YES completion:nil];
}

它通过MPMediaPickerControllerDelegate接口返回一个 
MPMediaItemCollection 选择的歌曲列列表,只需对MPMediaPickerController调用如下接口即可进行播放,以及上一首,下一首

[self.player setQueueWithItemCollection:self.collection];

如果是AVAudioPlayer来播放需要做得更多一点。即可把MPMediaItemCollection里歌曲URL取出来,直接传给AVAudioPlayer即可,这个URL格式类似于

ipod-library://item/item.m4a?id=1529654720874100371

- (void) mediaPicker: (MPMediaPickerController *) mediaPicker didPickMediaItems: (MPMediaItemCollection *) collection {

    MPMediaItem *item = [[collection items] objectAtIndex:0];
NSURL *url = [item valueForProperty:MPMediaItemPropertyAssetURL]; // Play the item using AVPlayer
self.avAudioPlayer = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url error:nil];
[self.avAudioPlayer play];
}

列表播放

MMMediaPlayer是自动支持,播放下一首,上一首可用如下方法:

上一首:

- (IBAction)rewindPressed:(id)sender {
if ([self.player indexOfNowPlayingItem] == 0) {
[self.player skipToBeginning];
} else {
[self.player endSeeking];
[self.player skipToPreviousItem];
}
}

下一首:

- (IBAction)fastForwardPressed:(id)sender {
NSUInteger nowPlayingIndex = [self.player indexOfNowPlayingItem];
[self.player endSeeking];
[self.player skipToNextItem];
if ([self.player nowPlayingItem] == nil) {
if ([self.collection count] > nowPlayingIndex+1) {
// added more songs while playing
[self.player setQueueWithItemCollection:self.collection];
MPMediaItem *item = [[self.collection items] objectAtIndex:nowPlayingIndex+1];
[self.player setNowPlayingItem:item];
[self.player play];
}
else {
// no more songs
[self.player stop];
NSMutableArray *items = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:[self.toolbar items]];
[items replaceObjectAtIndex:3 withObject:self.play];
[self.toolbar setItems:items];
}
}
}

暂停和恢复播放:

- (IBAction)playPausePressed:(id)sender {
[self.pause setTintColor:[UIColor blackColor]];
MPMusicPlaybackState playbackState = [self.player playbackState];
NSMutableArray *items = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:[self.toolbar items]];
if (playbackState == MPMusicPlaybackStateStopped || playbackState == MPMusicPlaybackStatePaused) {
[self.player play];
[items replaceObjectAtIndex:3 withObject:self.pause];
} else if (playbackState == MPMusicPlaybackStatePlaying) {
[self.player pause];
[items replaceObjectAtIndex:3 withObject:self.play];
}
[self.toolbar setItems:items animated:NO];
}

AVAudioPlayer 有播放结束的调用,因此在的上一首播完,重设一下一首歌即可

音乐后台播放

如果需要后台播放音乐,需要在应有的info.plist声明 
否则会被系统强行干掉。

网络音频播放

AVAudioPlayer 不直接支持网络音频播放,可以先下载数据到一个NSData ,然后进行播放。

NSData *mydata=[[NSDataalloc]initWithContentsOfURL:[NSURLURLWithString:command]];

    AVAudioPlayer *player=[[AVAudioPlayeralloc]initWithData:mydata error:nil];

    [player prepareToPlay];

    [player play];

但这种对于流媒体就无能为例了。因此可以使用更新的AVPlayer,它能直接播放(但是底层接口较少)

AVPlayer * _player = [[AVPlayer alloc] initWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://stream.jewishmusicstream.com:8000"]];

音乐按键控制

AudioPlayer 可以接收 线控及蓝牙耳机的按键控制, 
前题的要真的有一首的歌曲播放时,才能捕获按键。

这个可以在AppDelegate 中remoteControlReceivedWithEvent来捕获各种按键。

- (void)remoteControlReceivedWithEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
NSLog(@"remoteControlReceivedWithEvent %d",event.subtype); switch (event.subtype) {
case UIEventSubtypeRemoteControlPlay:
[self postNotificationWithName:remoteControlPlayButtonTapped];
break;
case UIEventSubtypeRemoteControlPause:
[self postNotificationWithName:remoteControlPauseButtonTapped];
break;
case UIEventSubtypeRemoteControlStop:
[self postNotificationWithName:remoteControlStopButtonTapped];
break;
case UIEventSubtypeRemoteControlNextTrack:
[self postNotificationWithName:remoteControlForwardButtonTapped];
break;
case UIEventSubtypeRemoteControlPreviousTrack:
[self postNotificationWithName:remoteControlBackwardButtonTapped];
break;
default:
[self postNotificationWithName:remoteControlOtherButtonTapped];
break;
}
}

理论上,可以在后台不断播放一段音频(音量设为0)来实现在应用中捕获耳机按键。比如蓝点工坊就用这个方法把蓝牙耳机充当自拍器用。

但是这种用法是过不了App Store 的审核 ,所以只能用Ad hoc发行方法。

具体参考: 
https://github.com/MosheBerman/ios-audio-remote-control

它是在后台不断播放一个网络电台节目来达到目的,实际蓝点工坊测试测放App自带一个声音文件,如caf效果是一样的。

 
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