WebUI自动化,首先需要定位页面中待操作的元素,然后进行各种事件操作,这里我们首先介绍Selenium Python 如何定位页面元素,WebDriver 提供了一系列的方法。
定位单个页面元素(返回单个元素对象)
- find_element_by_id
- find_element_by_name
- find_element_by_xpath
- find_element_by_link_text
- find_element_by_partial_link_text
- find_element_by_tag_name
- find_element_by_class_name
- find_element_by_css_selector
需要注意的是,上面的方法当匹配到多个对象时,只能返回定位到的第一个元素对象,当没有匹配到任何元素对象,则会抛出异常NoSuchElementException
定位页面元素组(返回元素对象列表)
- find_elements_by_name
- find_elements_by_xpath
- find_elements_by_link_text
- find_elements_by_partial_link_text
- find_elements_by_tag_name
- find_elements_by_class_name
- find_elements_by_css_selector
HTML模板Example1
<html>
<body>
<form id="loginForm">
<input name="username" type="text" />
<input name="password" type="password" />
<input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login" />
<input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear" />
</form>
</body>
<html>
通过id定位
login_form = driver.find_element_by_id('loginForm')
通过name定位
username = driver.find_element_by_name('username')
password = driver.find_element_by_name('password')
通过xpath定位
1.利用绝对路径定位
login_form = driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/form[1]")
2.利用元素属性定位
login_form = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[@id='loginForm']")
3.层级与属性结合
username = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[@id='loginForm']/input[1]")
4.使用逻辑运算符
clear_button = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@name='continue'][@type='button']")
clear_button = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@name='continue' and @type='button']")
HTML模板Example2
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<body>
<h1>Welcome</h1>
<p class="content">Are you sure you want to do this?</p>
<div id="detail">
<a href="continue.html" name="tj_continue" title="web" class="RecycleBin xz"
id="continue">Continue</a>
<a href="cancel.html" target="_blank">Cancel</a>
</div> <a href="" name="index" target="_blank">index</a> </body>
<html>
通过链接文本定位
continue_link = driver.find_element_by_link_text('Continue')
continue_link = driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('Conti')
通过标签名定位
heading1 = driver.find_element_by_tag_name('h1')
通过class定位
content = driver.find_element_by_class_name('content')
通过css 选择器定位
1.通过class属性定位
content = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('p.content')
continue_link = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('.RecycleBin.xz')
continue_link = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('a.RecycleBin')
2.通过id属性定位
continue_link = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('#continue')
3.通过标签名定位
links = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('a')
4.通过父子关系定位
links=driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('div>a')
5.通过兄弟关系定位
links=driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('div+a')
6.通过属性定位
links=driver.find_elements_by_css_selector("[target=_blank]")
continue_link = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('a[title="web"]')
7.组合定位
driver.find_element_by_css_selector('div#detail>a.RecycleBin')
driver.find_element_by_css_selector('div#detail>a[name=tj_continue]')
from selenium import webdriver
import os driver = webdriver.Chrome()
file_path = 'file:///' + os.path.abspath('demo.html')
driver.get(file_path) print(driver.find_element_by_css_selector('div#detail>a.RecycleBin').text)
print(driver.find_element_by_css_selector('div#detail>a[name=tj_continue]').text) driver.close()
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