转自: http://blog.csdn.net/kkdelta/article/details/5488430
Spring在解析完配置文件后,会调用一些callback方法,使用Spring的开发者可以通过提供这些callback方法达到对Spring Container的扩展.
1. 通过实现BeanPostProcessor来完成对某些Bean的一些定制, BeanPostProcessor定义了两个方法, postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)和postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)。 postProcessBeforeInitialization会在Spring对bean初始化完成之后 , 依赖注册(对property指定的成员变量完成了赋值)已经完成 , 但是Container还没有调用申明的initialization方法(如afterPropertiesSet, init-method)之前被调用.postProcessAfterInitialization会在在Container调用申明的initialization方法(如afterPropertiesSet)之后被调用.如果需要有多个实现了BeanPostProcessor的类,可以通过让其实现Ordered接口来控制这些类的callback被调用的顺序。这种bean的post-processor一般用来检查bean是否实现了某个接口 , 或者把bean包装成某个proxy,Spring的AOP某些框架类就是实现了BeanPostProcessor.
例:
public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor,
InvocationHandler {
private Object proxyobj;
public MyBeanPostProcessor() {
}
public MyBeanPostProcessor(Object obj) {
proxyobj = obj;
}
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
System.out.println("postProcessBeforeInitialization Bean '" + beanName
+ "' created : " + bean.toString());
if (bean instanceof Intf) {
Class cls = bean.getClass();
return Proxy.newProxyInstance(cls.getClassLoader(), cls
.getInterfaces(), new MyBeanPostProcessor(bean));
} else {
return bean;
}
}
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
System.out.println("postProcessAfterInitialization Bean '" + beanName
+ "' created : " + bean.toString());
return bean;
}
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
throws Throwable {
System.out.println("proxy is " + proxy.getClass().getName());
System.out.println("before calling " + method); if (args != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
System.out.println(args[i] + "");
}
}
Object o = method.invoke(proxyobj, args);
System.out.println("after calling " + method);
return o;
}
}
public interface Intf {
public String testFunc();
}
public class IntfBean implements Intf {
private String strVal = "default value";
@Override
public String testFunc() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return strVal;
}
} <bean id="IntfBean" class="com.test.spring.extent.IntfBean" />
<bean class="com.test.spring.extent.MyBeanPostProcessor" />
注意这里实现BeanPostProcessor的类是针对Ioc容器里其他的bean调用这两个方法,不是针对BeanPostProcessor自身和其他BeanPostProcessor调用这两个方法, 如果在配置文件里就只有BeanPostProcessor本身, 没有其他的bean, 如只有<beanclass="com.test.spring.extent.MyBeanPostProcessor"/>配置,postProcessBeforeInitialization和postProcessAfterInitialization这两个方法是不会被调用的.BeanPostProcessor会在普通bean被初始化之前先被容器初始化.
调用代码:
Intf intfBean = (Intf) ctx.getBean("IntfBean");
System.out.println(intfBean.testFunc());
这样,MyBeanPostProcessor会把实现Intf接口的bean包装成一个proxy.
2. 通过实现BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口来操作配置文件,对配置的元数据进行特制。 Spring IoC容器允许BeanFactoryPostProcessor在容器实际实例化任何其它的bean之前读取配置元数据,并有可能修改它。Spring自身的PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer 就实现了这个接口 , 通过对XML配置文件中使用占位符 , PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer从别的property文件中读取值进行替换。
例子:从ext.properties读取值替换${TEST.PROP1},${TEST.PROP2}.
<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="locations" value="classpath:conf/ext.properties" />
<property name="properties">
<value>TEST.PROP3=inside property</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="PropReplaceBean" class="com.test.spring.extent.PropReplaceBean">
<property name="strVal" value="${TEST.PROP1}" />
<property name="intVal" value="${TEST.PROP2}" />
<property name="insideProp" value="${TEST.PROP3}" />
</bean>
通常比较有用的场景是数据库的url,用户名,密码的配置,还可以用来动态指定某个bean的类名,把XMl文件和property文件分开维护更容易。
<bean id="xxxBean" class="${com.xxx.class}"/>
自定义的BeanFactoryPostProcessor,通过实现Ordered接口可以改变被callback的顺序。 callback方法中的ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory提供了配置文件的元数据。(*碰到一个困惑的问题是: PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer的order是 Integer.MAX_VALUE,却发现它比自己定义的order 为-1的 processor先执行.)
<bean class="com.test.spring.extent.MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor" />
public class MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
Ordered {
private int order = -1;
public void setOrder(int order) {
this.order = order;
}
public int getOrder() {
return this.order;
}
@Override
public void postProcessBeanFactory(
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
BeanDefinition beanDefinition = beanFactory
.getBeanDefinition("PropReplaceBean");
MutablePropertyValues pvs = beanDefinition.getPropertyValues();
PropertyValue[] pvArray = pvs.getPropertyValues();
for (PropertyValue pv : pvArray) {
System.out.println(pv.getName() + " " + pv.getValue().getClass());
}
}
}
Spring检测到BeanPostProcessor和BeanFactoryPostProcessor后会由容器自动调用它们的callback方法,不用在代码里主动的去调用.