prices = [] # 定义空列表

temps = [32.0, 212.0, 0.0, 81.6, 100.0, 45.3] # 存储浮点型

words = ['hello','word'] # 存储字符串

car_details = ['Toyota', 'RAV2', 2.2, 60808] # 列表中可以存储混合类型数据

everyting = [prices, temps, words, car_details] # 列表里放置列表

fruit=['banana','orange','strawberry']

# 打印列表中全部元素

for v in fruit:

    print(v)

# 判断列表中是否存在某个元素,若不存在加入到列表中。

if 'apple' not in fruit:

    fruit.append('apple')

print(fruit)

# 打印列表长度

print(len(fruit))

# 从列表总添加元素

fruit.append('piers')

print(fruit)

# 从列表中删除某个对象值

numsRem=[1,2,3,4]

numsRem.remove(3)

print('Remove result is '+str(numsRem))

# nums -> [1,2,4]

# 从列表中删除某个位置（索引值）的对象

numsPop=[1,2,3,4]

numsPop.pop() #->4

print('Pop result is '+str(numsPop))

#nums->[1,2,3]

# 加入一个其他列表

nums1=[1,2]

nums2=[3,4]

nums1.extend(nums2)

print(nums1) # [1,2,3,4]

# 从列表的某个位置插入指定元素值

numsIns=[2,3,4]

numsIns.insert(0,1)

print(numsIns) #[1,2,3,4]

given_message = "It's a known issue."

print("given message original is \'" + given_message +" \'")

# convert string to list

mes_list = list(given_message)

print("List given message is " + str(mes_list))

# convert list to string

given_message_after = ''.join(mes_list)

print("After converted to string is \'" + given_message_after + " \'")

list1=[1,2,3,4,5,6]

print ("list1 is "+ str(list1))

# It will give a alise for list1, but not copy of it. So if one of them is changed, the other one will be changed also.

list1_rename = list1

print ("list1_rename is " + str(list1_rename))

list1_rename[0]=9

print("After list1_rename[0]=9, list1_rename is " + str(list1_rename))

print("After list1_rename[0]=9, list1 is " + str(list1))

# Copy a list, so if one of it has been changed, the other will not be changed.

list1_copy = list1.copy()

print("list1_copy is " + str(list1_copy))

list1_copy[0]= 8

print("After list1_copy[0]= 8, list1_copy is " + str(list1_copy))

print("After list1_copy[0]= 8, list1 is " + str(list1))

# Get value by index

print("list 1 is " + str(list1))

print("first value is " + str(list1[0]))

print("last value is " + str(list1[-1])) #navigate index get the value from the end.

print("Value for every 3 index is " + str(list1[0:5:3]))

print("Value from index 3 is " + str(list1[3:]))

print("Value until index 4 is " + str(list1[:4]))

print("value all for every 2 index is " + str(list1[::2]))

# get back ward value

print("Backward value for list1 is " + str(list1[::-1]))

print("Backward value for target range is " + str(list1[4:1:-1]))

dict1 = {}

dict_person = {'Name':'Steven','Gender':'Male','Occupation':'Researcher','Home Planet':'Betelgeuse Seven'} 

print("dict1 is "+ str(dict1))

print("dict_person" + str(dict_person))

dict_person = {'Name':'Steven','Gender':'Male','Occupation':'Researcher','Home Planet':'Betelgeuse Seven'} 

# Get value by index

print("dict_person's name is " + str(dict_person['Name']))

# Add an key and value

dict_person['Age']= 33

print("After dict_person['Age']= 33, dict_person's new:value is " + str(dict_person))

# 遍历dict中的所有key

for k in dict_person:

    print(k)

# 遍历dict中的所有value

for k in dict_person:

    print(dict_person[k])

# 遍历dict中的所有值

for k in dict_person:

    print(k +":" + str(dict_person[k]) + "\t")

# 遍历dict中的所有值

for k,v in dict_person.items():

    print(k +":" + str(dict_person[k]) + "\t")

# 遍历dict中的所有值(按顺序显示)

for k,v in sorted(dict_person.items()):

    print(k +":" + str(dict_person[k]) + "\t")

# 用字典记录频度， 输出给定字符串中元音出现的次数

count_for_string = 'Hello, hello, how are you'

vowels = ['a','e','i','o','u']

found ={}

for k in count_for_string:

    if k in vowels:

        found.setdefault(k,0)

        found[k] +=1

from pprint  import pprint 

person={}

person['Mother']={'Name':'Luky','Age':'','Sex':'Female'}

person['Father']={'Name':'Alex','Age':'','Sex':'Male'}

person['Son1']={'Name':'Ethan','Age':'','Sex':'Male'}

person['Son2']={'Name':'Ringo','Age':'','Sex':'Female'}

# 显示整张嵌套列表

for k,v in sorted(person.items()):

    print(str(k) + ':' + str(v))

for k,v in sorted(person.items()):

    pprint(str(k) + ':' + str(v))

# 显示嵌套列表的某个值

print(person['Mother']['Age'])

# 定义空字符串

set_a=()

print(set_a)

# 从列表创建集合

set_volew=set('aaioeuu')

print(set_volew)

# 并集

volews=set('aeiou')

world="Hello,Apple"

union_letters=volews.union(set(world))

print(union_letters)

# 差集(A-B)，这里是volews letter - world letter

diff_letters=volews.difference(set(world))

print(diff_letters)

# 交集

inst_letters=volews.intersection(set(world))

print(inst_letters)

# 元组的定义

vowels_tuple=('a','e','i','o','u')

print(vowels_tuple)

# 给元组更新值会报错，因为元组值是不能变的。

# 如vowels_tuple[2]='A' 会报TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

# 显示某个元素

print(vowels_tuple[0])

# 只有一个对象的元组赋值一定要加','号，否则不会被视为元组.

tuple=('python')

print(type(tuple)) # <class 'str'>

tuple2=('python',)

print(type(tuple2)) # <class 'tuple'>