1. Out,params,ref之前先记录平时用的最多的按值传递参数的情况,当然默认情况下参数传入函数的默认行为也是按值传递的。
1: //默认情况下参数会按照值传递
2: static int add(int x,int y) {
3: int ans = x + y;
4: x = 1000; y = 2000;
5: return ans;
6: }
1: static void Main(string[] args) {
2: Console.WriteLine("默认情况下按值传递");
3: int x = 3, y = 8;
4: Console.WriteLine("调用前:x:{0},y:{1}",x,y);
5: Console.WriteLine("调用后的结果:{0}",add(x,y));
6: Console.WriteLine("调用后:x:{0},y:{1}",x,y);
7: Console.ReadLine();
8: }
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{ font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{ font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
输出的结果跟我们预期的一样:
2.Out修饰符
1: static void add(int x,int y,out int ans) {
2: ans = x + y;
3: }
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{ font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
Main里面可以这么写:
1: int ans;
2: add(20, 20, out ans);
3: Console.WriteLine("20+20={0}", ans);
4: Console.ReadLine();
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{ font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
输出的结果当然是:20+20=40啦,这个在原来如果没有用out的话那会出现“使用了未赋值的局部变量”。
那即使我们给ans赋值如:int ans=10;
它在调用add方法之后也不会改变,因为调用的方法根本不知道里面发生了什么。
这样就变成了20+20=10了,显然是错的。
当然Out的最大的亮点,就是在一个函数调用之后可以输出多个参数值。
将上面的方法改为:
1: static void setParams(out int x,out string y,out bool ans) {
2: x = 2;
3: y = "YeanJay";
4: ans = true;
5: }
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{ font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
我们在Main里面可以这么写:
1: int x=3;
2: string y = "ken";
3: bool ans = false;
4: setParams(out x,out y,out ans);
5: Console.WriteLine("x:{0},y:{1},ans:{2",x,y,ans);
结果:
显然在调用setParams之后相应的变量已经改变了。
这里对Out要注意的一点,在方法体内部必须对加有out 的参数赋值,不然会出现编译错误:必须对输出类型的参数赋值。
3.ref修饰符
最重要的一点,也是跟Out不同的一点,就是使用ref修饰符的时候需要事先对需要ref的参数赋值,不然就会出现对没有赋值的参数进行
操作的编译错误,而out是可以在事先不对变量进行赋值。
看方法:
1: static void SwapStrings(ref string str1,ref string str2) {
2: string temp;
3: temp = str1;
4: str1 = str2;
5: str2 = temp;
6: }
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{ font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
方法很简单,就是交换两个字符串。
看Main里面吧,可以这么写:
1: string str1 = "Yean";
2: string str2 = "Jay";
3: Console.WriteLine("调用前:str1:{0},str2:{1}",str1,str2);
4: SwapStrings(ref str1, ref str2);
5: Console.WriteLine("调用后:str1:{0},str2:{1}",str1,str2);
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{ font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
结果:
4.params修饰符
说白了就是一个数据作为参数。
直接看方法:
1: static double CalculateAverage(params double[] values) {
2: Console.WriteLine("字符串的长度:{0}",values.Length);
3: double sum = 0;
4: if (values.Length == 0) {
5: return sum;
6: }
7: else {
8: foreach (var value in values) {
9: sum += value
10: }
11: return (sum / values.Length);
12: }
13: }
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{ font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
一个求平均值的方法,也很简单。
然后看下Main中的写法:
1: double[] data = { 2.2,2.5,1.1,5.3};
2: double average = CalculateAverage(data);
3: Console.WriteLine("最后的平均值:{0}",average);
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{ font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
结果就不写了。
这里需要注意的:C#中只支持一个params参数,而且必须是放在参数列表的最后一个参数,为了避免歧义。