ASP.NET WEB API的服务托管(Self-HOST)

如果我们想对外发布RESTful API,可以基于ASP.NET来构建Restful APIs,但需要部署IIS吗?答案是不必。你可以把它托管到一个Windows Service。具体如何把WEB API自托管到Windows Service可以参考这一文章:Self-Host a Web API (HttpSelfHostServer) (C#). 基本上照着一步步做就行了。例子里是基于Windows Console Application,同样可以Self-Host到Windows Service.

问题在于如何把Controllers从Windows Service分离?可以使用autoFac,本文具体从这展开。

使用autoFac分离Controllers

autoFac是一个.NET IoC容器框架,这里我们用来分离Controllers,也就是说,我们把MVC的控制器Controllers放到独立的一个工程(Project),然后在Windows Service里面自托管(Self-Host)RESTful APIs。部署的时候只要部署windows service即可,不需要IIS,外部一样可以调用我们的RESTful APIs. 需要做的就是: 1. 引用autoFac 2. 注册Controllers 3. 设置DependencyResolver。好,我们新建一个project,类型是类库dll。添加引用:System.Web.Http;添加一个Controller:

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web.Http;
using Newtonsoft.Json; namespace myCompany
{
public class GroupController : ApiController, IGroupController
{
public HttpResponseMessage Update(HttpRequestMessage request)
{
Model model = null;
var body = "";
var valid = true;
var result = new response { success = true, message = "" };
HttpResponseMessage response; try
{
body = request.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
/*
* According to the content type (text / json / xml), deserialize the request body
*/
model = Deserialize(body,
ModelUtility.GetMediaType(request.Content.Headers.ContentType.ToString())); if (model == null)
valid = false;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
valid = false;
} if (!valid)
{
response = BuildFailureResponse(string.Format(
"Failure during parsing the request [{0}]", body));
}
else
{
response = Request.CreateResponse<response>(HttpStatusCode.OK, result);
} return response;
} private static Model Deserialize(string data, MediaTypes type)
{
switch (type)
{
case MediaTypes.HTML:
break;
case MediaTypes.JSON:
return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Model>(data);
case MediaTypes.TEXT:
return new Model
{
name = ModelUtility.ParseText(data, "name"),
status = ModelUtility.ParseText(data, "status")
};
case MediaTypes.XML:
return Utility.XmlSerilizer.Deserialize<Model>(data);
case MediaTypes.UNKNOWN:
break;
default:
break;
}
return null;
} private HttpResponseMessage BuildFailureResponse(string message)
{
var result = new response { success = false, message = message };
return Request.CreateResponse<response>(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, result);
} } }

上面那个控制器可以处理RESTful API涉及group的请求。具体下面再谈。

回到我们已经创建Self-Host的Windows Service项目,里面添加引用Autofac.dll和Autofac.Integration.WebApi.dll。此外,可能还需要一些引用,我这里的列表如下:

ASP.NET WEB API的服务托管(Self-HOST)

然后在Windows Service项目里面添加一个类,内容如下:

using System.Reflection;
using System.Web.Http;
using Autofac;
using Autofac.Integration.WebApi; namespace myCompany
{
public class AutofacWebAPI
{
public static void Initialize(HttpConfiguration config)
{
config.DependencyResolver = new AutofacWebApiDependencyResolver(
RegisterServices(new ContainerBuilder())
);
} private static IContainer RegisterServices(ContainerBuilder builder)
{
builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()).PropertiesAutowired(); builder.RegisterType<GroupController>().As<IGroupController>(); return builder.Build();
}
}
}

主要就是用来aufoFac初始化和注册类型。然后在Windows service里面调用:

 public partial class Service : ServiceBase
{
private HttpSelfHostServer _server;
private readonly HttpSelfHostConfiguration _config; public Service()
{
InitializeComponent(); _config = new HttpSelfHostConfiguration(_serviceAddress);
_config.Routes.MapHttpRoute("DefaultApi",
"notifications/{controller}/{id}",
new { id = RouteParameter.Optional });
} protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
{
/* Start self-host Web API */
AutofacWebAPI.Initialize(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration);
_server = new HttpSelfHostServer(_config);
_server.OpenAsync();
}
}

就这么简单。此外,你还可以用其他的DependencyResolver方式,具体参考autoFac官方文档:https://code.google.com/p/autofac/wiki/WebApiIntegration

最后如何测试呢?

HTTP POST http://localhost:8080/notifications/group/update

post body (text/plain): name=abc&status=CANCELLED
post body (application/json): "{\"name\":\"abc\",\"status\":\"CANCELLED\"}";

post body (application/xml):

@"<myc:root xmlns:myc=""http://api.abc.com/Platform/1.0"">

<myc:name>abc</myc:name>

<myc:status>CANCELLED</myc:status>

</myc:root>";

看不懂的,可看代码。支持text/json/xml多种参数格式。RESTful API测试可以用Chrome插件:Postman REST Client

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