Docker的常用命令
一、帮助命令
docker version # 显示docker的基本信息
docker info # 系统信息，镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help #帮助命令
#帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/
二、镜像命令
docker images #查看所有本地主机上的镜像 可以使用docker image ls代替
docker search 搜索镜像
docker pull 下载镜像 docker image pull
docker rmi 删除镜像 docker image rm
docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
➜ ~ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 e73346bdf465 24 hours ago 448MB
# 解释
#REPOSITORY # 镜像的仓库源
#TAG # 镜像的标签
#IMAGE ID # 镜像的id
#CREATED # 镜像的创建时间
#SIZE # 镜像的大小
# 可选项
Options:
-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images) #列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs # 只显示镜像的id
--all , -a Show all images (default hides intermediate images) # 显示所有
➜ ~ docker images -aq ＃显示所有镜像的id
602e111c06b6
2869fc110bf7
docker search、
搜索仓库中的镜像，相当于网页搜索
docker search mysql
docker search --help
# 解释
Options:
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print search using a Go template
--limit int Max number of search results (default 25)
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000 # 搜索出Stars大于3000的
docker pull 下载镜像
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
➜ ~ docker pull tomcat:8
8: Pulling from library/tomcat #如果不写tag，默认就是latest
90fe46dd8199: Already exists #分层下载： docker image 的核心 联合文件系统
d51ce1c2e575: Pull complete
c2344adc4858: Pull complete
fcf3ceff18fc: Pull complete
16da0c38dc5b: Pull complete
b905d1797e97: Pull complete
1478df405869: Pull complete
64f0dd11682b: Pull complete
68ff4e050d11: Pull complete
f576086003cf: Pull complete
3b72593ce10e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0c6234e7ec9d10ab32c06423ab829b32e3183ba5bf2620ee66de866df640a027 # 签名 防伪
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:8
docker.io/library/tomcat:8 #真实地址
#等价于
docker pull tomcat:8
docker pull docker.io/library/tomcat:8
# 指定版本下载
docker pull mysql:5.7
版本来自于官网，版本库https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql
docker images
此时查看镜像，可以看到新下载的两个
docker rmi 删除镜像
# 删除一个 可以通过名称 也可以指定id -f表示强制
docker rmi -f 9cfcce23593a
# 删除多个 用空格分隔id
docker rmi -f id id id
# 删除所有
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # images -aq就是查所有镜像id，从而递归删除
三、容器命令
docker run 镜像id/名字+版本 新建容器并启动
docker ps 列出所有运行的容器 docker container list
docker rm 容器id/名字 删除指定容器
docker start 容器id/名字 #启动容器
docker restart容器id/名字 #重启容器
docker stop 容器id/名字 #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id/名字 #强制停止当前容器
说明：有了镜像才能创建容器，linux，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
➜ ~ docker container
Usage: docker container COMMAND
Manage containers
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
inspect Display detailed information on one or more containers
kill Kill one or more running containers
logs Fetch the logs of a container
ls List containers
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
prune Remove all stopped containers
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
run Run a command in a new container
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Run 'docker container COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
docker pull centos
docker run [可选参数] image | docker container run [可选参数] image
#参书说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080(宿主机):8080(容器)
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口(常用)
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P(大写) 随机指定端口
# 测试、启动并进入容器
➜ ~ docker run -it centos /bin/bash
Unable to find image 'centos:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/centos
8a29a15cefae: Already exists
Digest: sha256:fe8d824220415eed5477b63addf40fb06c3b049404242b31982106ac204f6700
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
# exit #从容器退回主机
exit
列出所有运行的容器
#docker ps命令 #列出当前正在运行的容器
-a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running)
-n, --last int Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1)
-q, --quiet Only display numeric IDs
➜ ~ docker ps 查看正在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
68729e9654d4 portainer/portainer "/portainer" 14 hours ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:8088->9000/tcp funny_curie
d506a017e951 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 15 hours ago Up 15 hours 0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp nginx01
➜ ~ docker ps -a 查看曾经运行的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
95039813da8d centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago condescending_pike
1e46a426a5ba tomcat "catalina.sh run" 11 minutes ago Exited (130) 9 minutes ago sweet_gould
➜ ~ docker ps -aq 只显示容器的编号
95039813da8d
1e46a426a5ba
显示最近创建的容器，设置显示个数
docker ps -a - n=?
退出容器
# 容器停止退出
exit
# 容器不停止退出 注意必须在英文输入法下，中文输入法不行
Ctrl + P + Q
删除容器
# 删除指定容器 不能删除正在运行的容器，如果强制删除 rm -f
docker rm 容器id
# 删除所有容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
# 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id/名字 #启动容器
docker restart 容器id/名字 #重启容器
docker stop 容器id/名字 #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id/名字 #强制停止当前容器
四、常用其他命令
后台启动docker
docker run -d 镜像名
# 用docker ps 查看的时候 发现停止了
# 问题docker ps. 发现centos 停止了
# 常见的坑，docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有要一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了
查看日志
docker logs --help
Options:
--details Show extra details provided to logs
* -f, --follow Follow log output
--since string Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
* --tail string Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
* -t, --timestamps Show timestamps
--until string Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
➜ ~ docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo 6666;sleep 1;done" #模拟日志
#显示日志
-tf #显示日志信息（一直更新）
--tail number #需要显示日志条数
docker logs -t --tail n 容器id #查看n行日志
docker logs -ft 容器id #跟着日志
查看正在运行的容器信息
docker top 容器id
查看容器/镜像的元数据
# 命令
docker inspect 容器id/名字/镜像id/名字
[
{
# 容器的完整id
"Id": "cae33d15da8280bcac197b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388",
# 创建时间
"Created": "2021-03-06T12:33:19.956366459Z",
# 脚本位置
"Path": "/bin/sh",
# 运行的脚本
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo shenzai;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running", # 状态，正在运行
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 1909, # 父进程id
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-03-06T12:33:19.956366459Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
# 来源镜像
"Image": "sha256:831691599b88ad6cc2a4abbd0e89661a121aff14cfa289ad840fd3946f274f1f",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388-json.log",
"Name": "/dreamy_almeida",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
# 主机配置
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
# 其他配置
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3675586ebbd79cd72d2562a90c9380627a331c563724c0dac091f92600af4907-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7f79322e0f58d651a84a555dadd83d92537788172525945d3f538dd95dce336c/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3675586ebbd79cd72d2562a90c9380627a331c563724c0dac091f92600af4907/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3675586ebbd79cd72d2562a90c9380627a331c563724c0dac091f92600af4907/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3675586ebbd79cd72d2562a90c9380627a331c563724c0dac091f92600af4907/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [], # 挂载
# 基本配置
"Config": {
"Hostname": "cb6d7fbc3f27",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
], # 基本环境变量，这里没有Java
# 基本命令
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200611",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
# 网卡，比如现在用的是桥接的网卡
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "4d701985d7e77aa153790b697b2f38a61e20555c224b7675e4bf650b82799882",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/4d701985d7e7",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "8a6c71e2bafb19ca7dfd85445ccc4bef6d17467360a243d624089e676a24a018",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "22b0fd2290ccbc4e066a75d3f01bd8bf32ee4352c5bbcfc9f911287219219571",
"EndpointID": "8a6c71e2bafb19ca7dfd85445ccc4bef6d17467360a243d624089e676a24a018",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashshell
#测试
➜ ~ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
➜ ~ docker exec -it 55321bcae33d /bin/bash
exit
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
# 区别
# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attach 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 主机目的路径
#进入docker容器内部
➜ ~ docker exec -it 5cae33d /bin/bash
[root@5cae33d /]# echo "hello" > java.java
[root@5cae33d /]# cat java.java
hello
[root@5cae33d /]# exit
exit
➜ ~ docker cp 5cae33d:/java.java / #拷贝
➜ ~ cd /
➜ / ls #可以看见java.java存在
# 容器被停止或者删除，但是数据都会保留
# 拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术，可以实现自动同步 /home /home
查看内容占用
docker stats
五、小结
Docker命令帮助文档
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
#当前shell下 attach连接指定运行的镜像
build Build an image from a Dockerfile # 通过Dockerfile定制镜像
commit Create a new image from a container's changes #提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem #拷贝文件
create Create a new container #创建一个新的容器
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem #查看docker容器的变化
events Get real time events from the server # 从服务获取容器实时时间
exec Run a command in a running container # 在运行中的容器上运行命令
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive #导出容器文件系统作为一个tar归档文件[对应import]
history Show the history of an image # 展示一个镜像形成历史
images List images #列出系统当前的镜像
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image #从tar包中导入内容创建一个文件系统镜像
info Display system-wide information # 显示全系统信息
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects #查看容器详细信息
kill Kill one or more running containers # kill指定docker容器
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN #从一个tar包或标准输入中加载一个镜像[对应save]
login Log in to a Docker registry #
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes