在安装软件包时如果出现Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend，说明之前使用apt时出现异常，没有正常关闭，还在运行。

gj@lgj-Lenovo-G470:~$ sudo apt-get install alien
[sudo] password for lgj: 
E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)
E: Unable to acquire the dpkg frontend lock (/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend), is another process using it?

解决，使用ps 和 grep查找apt的pid,并使用kill杀死掉。

lgj@lgj-Lenovo-G470:~$  ps afx|grep apt
16214 ?        S      0:00  \_ sudo apt install rpm
16215 ?        S      0:01  |   \_ apt install rpm
16721 pts/3    S+     0:00          \_ grep --color=auto apt
lgj@lgj-Lenovo-G470:~$ kill 16214
bash: kill: (16214) - Operation not permitted
lgj@lgj-Lenovo-G470:~$ sudo kill 16214
lgj@lgj-Lenovo-G470:~$ sudo kill 16215

执行安装指令

lgj@lgj-Lenovo-G470:~$ sudo apt-get install alien
E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), is another process using it?

如果仍然出现，需要手动删除 /var/lib/dpkg/lock即可。

lgj@lgj-Lenovo-G470:~$ rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/lock