1、操作系统准备

（1）Linux可以用作开发平台及产品平台。

（2）win32只可用作开发平台，且需要cygwin的支持。

2、安装jdk 1.6或以上

3、安装ssh，并配置免密码登录。

$ ssh-keygen -t dsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa 

$ cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

4、若为初次安装，为避免权限问题，建议使用root用户。

二、基本准备

1、下载hadoop1.2.1并解压

  [root@jediael jediael]$wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.1.tar.gz

 [root@jediael jediael]$ tar -zxvf hadoop-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz

选择国内镜像，速度较快。

2、修改conf/hadoop-env.sh，添加JAVA_HOME变量

（1）增加JAVA_HOME

[root@jediael hadoop-1.2.1]$ vi conf/hadoop-env.sh

 export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_51

（2）执行hadoop命令

[root@jediael hadoop-1.2.1]$ bin/hadoop

Usage: hadoop [--config confdir] COMMAND

where COMMAND is one of:

namenode -format format the DFS filesystem

secondarynamenode run the DFS secondary namenode

namenode run the DFS namenode

datanode run a DFS datanode

dfsadmin run a DFS admin client

mradmin run a Map-Reduce admin client

fsck run a DFS filesystem checking utility

fs run a generic filesystem user client

以上输出表明安装正常。

三、配置伪分布模式

1、配置core-site.xml，增加以下属性

<configuration>

     <property>

         <name>fs.default.name</name>

         <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>

     </property>

</configuration>

2、配置hdfs-site.xml，增加以下属性

<configuration>

     <property>

         <name>dfs.replication</name>

         <value>1</value>

     </property>

</configuration>

3、配置mapred-site.xml，增加以下属性

<configuration>

     <property>

         <name>mapred.job.tracker</name>

         <value>localhost:9001</value>

     </property>

</configuration>

1、格式化hdfs

[root@jediael hadoop-1.2.1]$ bin/hadoop namenode -format

14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:

/************************************************************

STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode

STARTUP_MSG: host = jediael/10.171.29.191

STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]

STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.1

STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1503152; compiled by 'mattf' on Mon Jul 22 15:23:09 PDT 2013

STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_51

************************************************************/

14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map BlocksMap

14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit

14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO util.GSet: 2.0% max memory = 1013645312

14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^21 = 2097152 entries

14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO util.GSet: recommended=2097152, actual=2097152

14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner=jediael

14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup=supergroup

14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled=true

14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.block.invalidate.limit=100

14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isAccessTokenEnabled=false accessKeyUpdateInterval=0 min(s), accessTokenLifetime=0 min(s)

14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO namenode.FSEditLog: dfs.namenode.edits.toleration.length = 0

14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO namenode.NameNode: Caching file names occuring more than 10 times

14/08/16 23:50:03 INFO common.Storage: Image file /tmp/hadoop-jediael/dfs/name/current/fsimage of size 113 bytes saved in 0 seconds.

14/08/16 23:50:03 INFO namenode.FSEditLog: closing edit log: position=4, editlog=/tmp/hadoop-jediael/dfs/name/current/edits

14/08/16 23:50:03 INFO namenode.FSEditLog: close success: truncate to 4, editlog=/tmp/hadoop-jediael/dfs/name/current/edits

14/08/16 23:50:03 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /tmp/hadoop-jediael/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.

14/08/16 23:50:03 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:

/************************************************************

SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at jediael/10.171.29.191

************************************************************/

2、启动hadoop

[root@jediael hadoop-1.2.1]# bin/start-all.sh

starting namenode, logging to /opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../logs/hadoop-root-namenode-jediael.out

localhost: starting datanode, logging to /opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../logs/hadoop-root-datanode-jediael.out

localhost: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../logs/hadoop-root-secondarynamenode-jediael.out

starting jobtracker, logging to /opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../logs/hadoop-root-jobtracker-jediael.out

localhost: starting tasktracker, logging to /opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../logs/hadoop-root-tasktracker-jediael.out

默认情况下，日志将被输出至{HADOOP_HOME}/logs，除非修改了${HADOOP_LOG_DIR}。

3、访问以下2个页面，验证是否已经安装成功

• NameNode - http://localhost:50070/
• JobTracker - http://localhost:50030/

[root@jediael hadoop-1.2.0]# jps

3148 JobTracker

3280 TaskTracker

3052 SecondaryNameNode

2920 DataNode

2801 NameNode

3442 Jps

五、使用一个简单的hadoop程序验证环境

参考 http://blog.csdn.net/jediael_lu/article/details/37596469