sftp是Secure File Transfer Protocol的缩写，安全文件传送协议。可以为传输文件提供一种安全的加密方法。sftp 与 ftp 有着几乎一样的语法和功能。SFTP 为 SSH的一部分，是一种传输档案至 Blogger 伺服器的安全方式。其实在SSH软件包中，已经包含了一个叫作SFTP(Secure File Transfer Protocol)的安全文件传输子系统，SFTP本身没有单独的守护进程，它必须使用sshd守护进程（端口号默认是22）来完成相应的连接操作，所以从某种意义上来说，SFTP并不像一个服务器程序，而更像是一个客户端程序。SFTP同样是使用加密传输认证信息和传输的数据，所以，使用SFTP是非常安全的。但是，由于这种传输方式使用了加密/解密技术，所以传输效率比普通的FTP要低得多，如果您对网络安全性要求更高时，可以使用SFTP代替FTP。

一、连接方式

常用的方式有两种，一种直接采用sftp连接远端服务器IP

另一种则先登录远程服务器，在开启sftp功能

1、sftp [remotehost IP ]

通过sftp连接[host]，端口为默认的22，用户为Linux当前登录用户。

Xshell 5 (Build 0806)

Copyright (c) 2002-2015 NetSarang Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.

Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.

[c:\~]$ sftp 192.168.56.101

Connecting to 192.168.56.101:22...

Connection established.

To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.

Your current local directory is

C:\Users\FieldYang\Documents\NetSarang\Xshell\Sessions

Type `help' to browse available commnands.

sftp:/root>

2、sftp -oPort=[port] [remotehost IP]

通过sftp连接远程服务器，指定端口[port]，用户为Linux当前登录用户。 

3、sftp [user]@[remotehost IP]

通过sftp连接远程服务器，端口为默认的22，指定用户[user]。

Xshell 5 (Build 0806)

Copyright (c) 2002-2015 NetSarang Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.

Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.

[c:\~]$ sftp fieldyang@192.168.56.101

Connecting to 192.168.56.101:22...

Connection established.

To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.

Your current local directory is

C:\Users\FieldYang\Documents\NetSarang\Xshell\Sessions

Type `help' to browse available commnands.

sftp:/home/fieldyang>

4、sftp -oPort=[port] [user]@[ remotehost IP]

通过sftp连接[remotehost IP]，端口为[port]，用户为[user]。

5、通过Xshell5与linux建立连接后，在图形用户面板上 窗口->传输新建文件，打开xftp的字符界面,如图，直接关闭即可打开一个sftp窗口

二、用法

1、基本用法

sftp:/root> help

bye     finish your SFTP session

       退出sftp

cd      change your remote working directory

       更改远程服务器工作目录

clear    clear screen

       清屏

exit     finish your SFTP session

explore    explore your local directory

       导入本地目录

get     download a file from the server to your local machine

       从远程服务器上下载文件到本机

help     give help

       查找帮助

lcd     change and/or print local working directory

       切换本地当前工作目录

lls     list contents of a local directory

       列出本地当前目录的内容

lpwd     print your local working directory

       打印当前工作目录

ls      list contents of a remote directory

       列出远程服务器目录内容

mkdir    create a directory on the remote server

       在远程服务器上创建一个目录

mv      move or rename a file on the remote server

       搬移或重命名一个的远程服务器文件

put     upload a file from your local machine to the server

       将本机的文件上传到远程服务器

pwd     print your remote working directory

       打印远程服务器工作路径

quit    finish your SFTP session

       退出

rename   move or rename a file on the remote server

       搬移或重命名一个的远程服务器文件

rm    delete a file

       删除一个文件

rmdir    remove a directory on the remote server

       在远程服务器上删除一个目录删除一个目录

2、常用的为上传下载

1）、get

从远程服务器上下载一个文件存放到本地，如下：

先通过lcd切换到本地那个目录下，然后通过get file

>> lcd d:\             #表示切换到本地的d盘下

>> get ./test.sql　　  #这样就将当前文件下载本地的d盘下

2）、put

是将本地的文件上传到远程服务器上，如下：

>>  put                #在windows下弹出选择文件的窗口

3）、lcd

先通过lcd切换到本地那个目录下

>> lcd c:\             #表示切换到本地的c盘下

4）、lls

#显示当前目录下的所有文件

5）、pwd

#显示当前目录

三、各个用法实例详解

实例1、从服务器下载文件到本机

Xshell 5 (Build 0806)

Copyright (c) 2002-2015 NetSarang Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.

Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.

[c:\~]$

Connecting to 192.168.56.101:22...

Connection established.

To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.

Your current local directory is

C:\Users\FieldYang\Documents\NetSarang\Xshell\Sessions

Type `help' to browse available commnands.

sftp:/root> cd /mnt/share

#远程路径切换为/mnt/share

sftp:/mnt/share> ls –lt

drwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users        4096 Jun 16 13:39 .

drwxr-xr-x    7 root     root         4096 Jun 15 14:06 ..

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users      220151 Jun 15 14:26 .goutputstream-ZHJ8IY

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       19362 Jun 16 12:27 0.jpg

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       16157 Jun 16 13:39 Auth Server and SOAP proxy.docx

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       63952 Jun 16 12:29 bamquickinstall.pdf

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users        7277 Jun 16 13:33 DNSmmmS.txt

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users        7277 May 12 10:43 DNSS.txt

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users      111395 Jun 15 15:46 libpcap-0.9.4-15.el5.x86_64.rpm

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users      363677 Jun 15 14:59 ppp-2.4.4-14.1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       48430 Jun 15 14:57 ppp-devel-2.4.4-14.1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       86211 Jun 15 15:38 pptpd-1.4.0-1.rhel4.x86_64.rpm

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       86509 Jun 15 14:46 pptpd-1.4.0-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users      220151 Jun 15 13:22 Screenshot.png

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       21789 Jun 16 13:39 Traffic Usage System alarm handling - Gateway, RadiusGWProxy, RadiusProxy Server.docx

sftp:/mnt/share> lcd d:\Field\test_sftp

#切换到本地的d盘下Field文件夹的test_sftp文件夹

Local directory is now d:\Field\test_sftp

sftp:/mnt/share> lpwd

Local directory is d:\Field\test_sftp

#打印本地文件夹路径

sftp:/mnt/share> lls

06/16/2016 05:44¤W

06/16/2016 05:44¤W

#查看本地文件夹d:\Field\test_sftp内容

sftp:/mnt/share>get ./0.jpg ./DNSmmmS.txt ./pptpd-1.4.0-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

#下载远程服务器/mnt/share上的0.jpg 、DNSmmmS.txt 、#pptpd-1.4.0-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm到本地文件夹d:\Field\test_sftp中

Fetching /mnt/share/./pptpd-1.4.0-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm to pptpd-1.4.0-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

sftp: received 84.4 KB in 0.64 seconds

Fetching /mnt/share/./DNSmmmS.txt to DNSmmmS.txt

sftp: received 7.10 KB in 0.02 seconds

Fetching /mnt/share/./0.jpg to 0.jpg

sftp: received 18.9 KB in 0.03 seconds

sftp:/mnt/share> lls –lt

#命令行查看是否下载成功

06/16/2016 05:47¤W

06/16/2016 05:47¤W

06/16/2016 05:47¤W                19362  0.jpg

06/16/2016 05:47¤W                 7277  DNSmmmS.txt

06/16/2016 05:47¤W                86509  pptpd-1.4.0-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

Xshell5下利用sftp上传下载传输文件

实例2、上传本地文件到远程服务器

sftp:/mnt/share> lcd d:\Field\SNINF\

#切换本地路径到d:\Field\SNINF\

Local directory is now d:\Field\SNINF\

sftp:/mnt/share> lpwd

# 打印本地当前路径

Local directory is d:\Field\SNINF\

sftp:/mnt/share> lls -lt

02/19/2016 07:50¤W

02/19/2016 07:50¤W

12/11/2015 08:27¤W                16157  Auth Server and SOAP proxy.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W               464191  Check Plan--Jacky.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W               562801  CIMDB ¡V David.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W                12031  Disk Full ¡V For All Systems.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W               126440  EMMSC--Fox.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W               115928  ENUM ¡VJacky.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W               327650  F-Secure.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W               107606  GDS--Fox.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W               117762  GIMEI¡XFox.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W               310862  GUP  CGUP ¡ΠRay.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W               650939  IP call --Sharon.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W               779957  Mex health check--Niker.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W               124195  NetScout (DPI)¡XFox.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W               198426  POC--Jacky.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W               326368  Radius Proxy -Niker.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W               190044  SMTP health check--Niker.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W                45643  Stretti DFS¡XSharon.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W               233654  Stretti DISC ¡VJacky.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W               449498  Traffic Router Health Check¡XDavid.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W                21789  Traffic Usage System alarm handling - Gateway, RadiusGWProxy, RadiusProxy Server.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W               734859  Video Transcoder¡XDavid.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W                14815  Virtual Browser.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W                22554  ZMMSC.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W               219776  ZProxy ¡ΠFox.docx

12/11/2015 08:27¤W               221199  ZWAPGW  NZWAPGW ¡ΠFox.docx

sftp:/mnt/share> put

Uploading Traffic Usage System alarm handling - Gateway, RadiusGWProxy, RadiusProxy Server.docx to remote:/mnt/share/Traffic Usage System alarm handling - Gateway, RadiusGWProxy, RadiusProxy Server.docx

sftp: sent 21.2 KB in 0.01 seconds

#在弹出的Windows框中选择文件上传 注意上传路径与当前路径要相同

sftp:/mnt/share> put

Uploading Virtual Browser.docx to remote:/mnt/share/Virtual Browser.docx

sftp: sent 14.4 KB in 0.02 seconds

sftp:/mnt/share> put

Uploading Check Plan--Jacky.docx to remote:/mnt/share/Check Plan--Jacky.docx

sftp: sent 453 KB in 0.05 seconds

sftp:/mnt/share> put

Uploading ZMMSC.docx to remote:/mnt/share/ZMMSC.docx

sftp: sent 22.0 KB in 0.00 seconds

sftp:/mnt/share> ls -lt

drwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users        4096 Jun 16 13:54 .

drwxr-xr-x    7 root     root         4096 Jun 15 14:06 ..

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users      220151 Jun 15 14:26 .goutputstream-ZHJ8IY

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       19362 Jun 16 12:27 0.jpg

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       16157 Jun 16 13:39 Auth Server and SOAP proxy.docx

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       63952 Jun 16 12:29 bamquickinstall.pdf

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users      464191 Jun 16 13:53 Check Plan--Jacky.docx

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users        7277 Jun 16 13:33 DNSmmmS.txt

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users        7277 May 12 10:43 DNSS.txt

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users      111395 Jun 15 15:46 libpcap-0.9.4-15.el5.x86_64.rpm

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users      363677 Jun 15 14:59 ppp-2.4.4-14.1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       48430 Jun 15 14:57 ppp-devel-2.4.4-14.1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       86211 Jun 15 15:38 pptpd-1.4.0-1.rhel4.x86_64.rpm

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       86509 Jun 15 14:46 pptpd-1.4.0-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users      220151 Jun 15 13:22 Screenshot.png

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       21789 Jun 16 13:52 Traffic Usage System alarm handling - Gateway, RadiusGWProxy, RadiusProxy Server.docx

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       14815 Jun 16 13:53 Virtual Browser.docx

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       22554 Jun 16 13:54 ZMMSC.docx

sftp:/mnt/share>

实例3、在远程服务器创建删除目录

sftp:/mnt/share> mkdir /mnt/share/test

#在远程服务器上创建目录/mnt/share/test

sftp:/mnt/share> cd /mnt/share/test

sftp:/mnt/share/test> pwd

#查看是否创建成功

Remote directory is /mnt/share/test

sftp:/mnt/share/test> cd /mnt/share/

sftp:/mnt/share> rmdir /test

cannot remove /test: no such a directory

sftp:/mnt/share> rmdir /mnt/share/test

#删除刚创建的目录/mnt/share/test

sftp:/mnt/share> cd /mnt/share/test

cannot change to /mnt/share/test: no such a directory

#确认是否删除成功

实例4、在远程服务器删除文件

sftp:/mnt/share> rm ./ZMMSC

#删除远程服务器/mnt/share上的文件ZMMSC.docx，./表示当前目录

cannot delete /mnt/share/./ZMMSC: no such a file

sftp:/mnt/share> rm ./ZMMSC.docx

deleted /mnt/share/./ZMMSC.docx

sftp:/mnt/share> rm ./Traffic Usage System alarm handling - Gateway, RadiusGWProxy, RadiusProxy Server.docx

usage: rm file

sftp:/mnt/share> rm ./DNSS.txt

deleted /mnt/share/./DNSS.txt

sftp:/mnt/share> ls

#查看是否成功删除

drwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users        4096 Jun 16 14:25 .

drwxr-xr-x    7 root     root         4096 Jun 15 14:06 ..

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users      220151 Jun 15 14:26 .goutputstream-ZHJ8IY

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       19362 Jun 16 12:27 0.jpg

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       16157 Jun 16 13:39 Auth Server and SOAP proxy.docx

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       63952 Jun 16 12:29 bamquickinstall.pdf

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users      464191 Jun 16 13:53 Check Plan--Jacky.docx

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users        7277 Jun 16 13:33 DNSmmmS.txt

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users      111395 Jun 15 15:46 libpcap-0.9.4-15.el5.x86_64.rpm

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users      363677 Jun 15 14:59 ppp-2.4.4-14.1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       48430 Jun 15 14:57 ppp-devel-2.4.4-14.1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       86211 Jun 15 15:38 pptpd-1.4.0-1.rhel4.x86_64.rpm

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       86509 Jun 15 14:46 pptpd-1.4.0-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users      220151 Jun 15 13:22 Screenshot.png

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       21789 Jun 16 13:52 Traffic Usage System alarm handling - Gateway, RadiusGWProxy, RadiusProxy Server.docx

-rwxrwxrwx    1 1000     users       14815 Jun 16 13:53 Virtual Browser.docx

sftp:/mnt/share>