Moq基础

一、概念

  Moq是利用诸如Linq表达式树和Lambda表达式等·NET 3.5的特性,为·NET设计和开发的Mocking库。Mock字面意思即模拟,模拟对象的行为已达到欺骗目标(待测试对象)的效果.
  Moq模拟类类型时,不可模拟密封类,不可模拟静态方法(适配器可解决),被模拟的方法及属性必须被virtual修饰.

二、示例

 //待模拟对象
public interface ITaxCalculate
{
decimal GetTax(decimal rawPrice);
} public class Product
{
public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public decimal RawPrice { get; set; } //目标方法
public decimal GetPriceWithTax(ITaxCalculate calc)
{
return calc.GetTax(RawPrice) + RawPrice;
}
} //单元测试
[TestMethod]
public void TestGetTax()
{
Product product = new Product
{
Id = ,
Name = "TV",
RawPrice = 25.0M
}; //创建Mock对象,反射构建模拟对象空框架
Mock<ITaxCalculate> fakeTaxCalculator = new Mock<ITaxCalculate>(); //模拟对象行为
fakeTaxCalculator.Setup(tax => tax.GetTax(25.0M)).Returns(5.0M); //调用目标方法
decimal calcTax = product.GetPriceWithTax(fakeTaxCalculator.Object); //断言
Assert.AreEqual(calcTax, 30.0M);
}

三、Mock方法

  1. Mock构造方法
    Mock构造方法主要存在两种重载,无参以及传入参数MockBehavior,Mock默认行为:MockBehavior.Loose.
    MockBehavior.Strict:对象行为未设置时调用抛出异常,示例如下.
    MockBehavior.Loose:对象行为未设置时调用不抛出异常,如有必要返回控制,如:0,null.
    MockBehavior.Default:等同于Loose.
     //构造方法
    public Mock();
    public Mock(MockBehavior behavior); //Strict示例
    Mock<IOrder> order = new Mock<IOrder>(MockBehavior.Strict);
    order.Object.ShowTitle(string.Empty);
  2. MockFactory
    Mock工厂,构建MockFactory时传入MockBehavior,通过Create方法创建Mock,次方法类似Mock构造方法.
     MockFactory factory = new MockFactory(MockBehavior.Loose);
    Mock<IOrder> order = factory.Create<IOrder>();
  3. Setup
    模拟对象行为方法,模拟出的方法与原有业务无关
     //模拟接口
    Mock<ICustomer> icustomer = new Mock<ICustomer>();
    //模拟普通方法
    icustomer.Setup(p => p.AddCall());
    icustomer.Setup(p => p.GetCall("Tom")).Returns("Hello"); //模拟含有引用、输出参数方法
    string outString = "";
    icustomer.Setup(p => p.GetAddress("", out outString)).Returns("sz");
    icustomer.Setup(p => p.GetFamilyCall(ref outString)).Returns("xx"); //模拟有返回值方法
    icustomer.Setup(p => p.GetCall(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns((string s) => "Hello " + s); //模拟类
    Mock<Customer> customer = new Mock<Customer>();
    //模拟属性
    customer.Setup(p => p.Name).Returns("Tom");
    Assert.AreEqual("Tom", customer.Object.Name); //另一种方法模拟属性
    customer.SetupProperty(p => p.Name, "Tom2");
    Assert.AreEqual("Tom2", customer.Object.Name); //模拟类方法
    customer.Setup(p => p.GetNameById()).Returns("");
    Assert.AreEqual("", customer.Object.GetNameById());

    It用于添加参数约束,它有以下几个方法:
        Is<T>:匹配给定符合规则的值
        IsAny<T>:匹配给定类型的任何值
        IsRegex<T>:正则匹配
        IsInRange<T>:匹配给定类型的范围

     //对同一个动作可以模拟多个行为,执行动作时,从后往前依次匹配,直到匹配到为止
    var customer = new Mock<ICustomer>();
    customer.Setup(p => p.SelfMatch(It.IsAny<int>())).Returns((int k) => "任何数" + k);
    Console.WriteLine(customer.Object.SelfMatch()); customer.Setup(p => p.SelfMatch(It.Is<int>(i => i % == ))).Returns("偶数");
    Console.WriteLine(customer.Object.SelfMatch()); customer.Setup(p => p.SelfMatch(It.IsInRange<int>(, , Range.Inclusive))).Returns("10以内的数");
    Console.WriteLine(customer.Object.SelfMatch()); Console.WriteLine(customer.Object.SelfMatch());
    Console.WriteLine(customer.Object.SelfMatch()); customer.Setup(p => p.ShowException(It.IsRegex(@"^\d+$"))).Throws(new Exception("不能是数字"));
    customer.Object.ShowException("e1");
  4. Callback
    该方法用于模拟方法执行后回调执行,配合Setup使用
     Mock<ICustomer> customer = new Mock<ICustomer>();
    customer.Setup(p => p.GetCall(It.IsAny<string>()))
    .Returns("方法调用")
    .Callback((string s) => Console.WriteLine("OK " + s));
    customer.Object.GetCall("x");
  5. Throws
    抛出异常,配合Setup使用
     Mock<ICustomer> customer = new Mock<ICustomer>();
    customer.Setup(p => p.ShowException(string.Empty)).Throws(new Exception("参数不能为空!"));
    customer.Object.ShowException("");
  6. Verify、VerifyAll
    验证模拟的方法是否被执行。示例中可通过Verify验证模拟的tax.GetTax(25.0M)是否在Product中被执行
     //Verifiable标记
    Mock<ICustomer> customer = new Mock<ICustomer>();
    customer.Setup(p => p.GetCall(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns("方法调用").Verifiable();
    //若不执行此句代码则验证失败
    customer.Object.GetCall("");
    customer.Verify(); //Verify验证
    customer.Setup(p => p.GetCall());
    customer.Object.GetCall();
    //Verify方法表明该动作一定要在验证之前执行,若调用verify之前都没执行则抛出异常
    customer.Verify(p => p.GetCall()); //添加次数验证
    customer.Object.GetCall();
    customer.Verify(p => p.GetCall(), Times.AtLeast(), "至少应被调用2次"); //验证所有被模拟的动作是否都被执行,无论是否标记为Verifiable
    customer.VerifyAll();
  7. As
    向Mock中条件一个接口实现,只能在对象的属性、方法首次使用之前使用,且参数只能是接口,否则抛出异常。
    之前一直不知道As方法存在有什么意义,虽然调试时监测对象信息可以看到两个Mock之间关联的痕迹,但是一直不知道有什么用,该怎么用,直到今天看到一篇博客...
     public interface IFirstInterface
    {
    int SomeMethodOnFirstInterface();
    } public interface ISecondInterface
    {
    int SomeMethodOnSecondInterface();
    } public interface SomeClassImplementingInterfaces : IFirstInterface, ISecondInterface
    {
    } public class SomeClass
    {
    public static int MultipleInterfaceUser<T>(T x)
    where T : IFirstInterface, ISecondInterface
    {
    IFirstInterface f = (IFirstInterface)x;
    ISecondInterface s = (ISecondInterface)x; return f.SomeMethodOnFirstInterface() + s.SomeMethodOnSecondInterface();
    }
    } //测试代码
    Mock<SomeClassImplementingInterfaces> c = new Mock<SomeClassImplementingInterfaces>(); Mock<IFirstInterface> firstMock = c.As<IFirstInterface>();
    firstMock.Setup(m => m.SomeMethodOnFirstInterface()).Returns(); Mock<ISecondInterface> secondMock = firstMock.As<ISecondInterface>();
    secondMock.Setup(m => m.SomeMethodOnSecondInterface()).Returns(); int returnValue = SomeClass.MultipleInterfaceUser<SomeClassImplementingInterfaces>(c.Object); Assert.AreEqual(returnValue, );

四、参考链接

  • http://blog.csdn.net/alicehyxx/article/details/50667307
  • http://www.cnblogs.com/wintersun/archive/2010/09/04/1818092.html
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