经典的面试题:
a、怎样在coding过程中避免内存泄露?
b、怎样检测内存泄露?
这两个问题我想大部分Android 职位面试时都会被问到吧。
怎样避免就不赘述了,网上很多答案。
工具呢,当然也有很多,比如DDMS、MAT等,但是怎样在我们编码过程中植入内存检测代码,让我们程序在开发调试阶段就能发现内存泄露呢?好了,现在该大名鼎鼎的LeakCanary出场了,它是Square公司的一个内存探测开源项目。下面就介绍下怎样使用.
1、配置gradle依赖:
- debugCompile 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android:1.3.1'
- releaseCompile 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android-no-op:1.3.1'
2、初始化Watcher
- package com.micky.leakcanarysamples;;
- import android.app.Application;
- import com.squareup.leakcanary.LeakCanary;
- import com.squareup.leakcanary.RefWatcher;
- /**
- * @Project LeakCanaryTest
- * @Packate com.micky.leakcanarysamples;
- * @Description
- * @Author Micky Liu
- * @Email mickyliu@126.com
- * @Date 2016-01-04 10:32
- * @Version 1.0
- */
- public class BaseApplication extends Application {
- private static BaseApplication instance;
- private RefWatcher mRefWatcher;
- @Override
- public void onCreate() {
- super.onCreate();
- instance = this;
- mRefWatcher = Constants.DEBUG ? LeakCanary.install(this) : RefWatcher.DISABLED;
- }
- public static BaseApplication getInstance() {
- return instance;
- }
- public static RefWatcher getRefWatcher() {
- return getInstance().mRefWatcher;
- }
- }
3、在Activity或Fragment中添加检测
- package com.micky.leakcanarysamples;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
- /**
- * @Project LeakCanaryTest
- * @Packate com.micky.leakcanarysamples;
- * @Description
- * @Author Micky Liu
- * @Email mickyliu@126.com
- * @Date 2016-01-04 10:39
- * @Version 1.0
- */
- public class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
- @Override
- protected void onDestroy() {
- super.onDestroy();
- BaseApplication.getRefWatcher().watch(this);
- }
- }
4、测试
- package com.micky.leakcanarysamples;;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Handler;
- /**
- * @Project LeakCanaryTest
- * @Packate com.micky.leakcanarysamples;
- * @Description
- * @Author Micky Liu
- * @Email mickyliu@126.com
- * @Date 2016-01-04 10:29
- * @Version 1.0
- */
- public class TestActivity extends BaseActivity {
- private final Handler mHandler = new Handler();
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- //模拟内存泄露
- mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- }
- }, 3 * 60 * 1000);
- finish();
- }
- }
5、测试结果
a、Toast显示(大概10秒左右显示)
b、通知显示
c、桌面自动添加的图表
d、内存泄露列表
e、内存泄露详细
LogCat可以看到日志日下(hprof文件可以用MAT打开进行分析):
- 01-04 11:49:41.815 12967-13004/com.micky.leakcanarysamples I/dalvikvm: hprof: dumping heap strings to "/storage/emulated/0/Download/leakcanary/suspected_leak_heapdump.hprof".
- 01-04 11:49:42.020 12967-13004/com.micky.leakcanarysamples I/dalvikvm: hprof: heap dump completed (28850KB)
查看自动生成的AndroidManifest文件,LeakCanarySamples/app/build/intermediates/manifests/full/debug/AndroidManifest.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- package="com.micky.leakcanarysamples"
- android:versionCode="1"
- android:versionName="1.0" >
- <uses-sdk
- android:minSdkVersion="10"
- android:targetSdkVersion="23" />
- <!-- To store the heap dumps and leak analysis results. -->
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
- <android:uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
- <application
- android:name="com.micky.leakcanarysamples.BaseApplication"
- android:allowBackup="true"
- android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
- android:label="@string/app_name"
- android:supportsRtl="true"
- android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
- <activity
- android:name="com.micky.leakcanarysamples.MainActivity"
- android:label="@string/app_name"
- android:theme="@style/AppTheme.NoActionBar" >
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
- </intent-filter>
- </activity>
- <activity android:name="com.micky.leakcanarysamples.TestActivity" />
- <service
- android:name="com.squareup.leakcanary.internal.HeapAnalyzerService"
- android:enabled="false"
- android:process=":leakcanary" />
- <service
- android:name="com.squareup.leakcanary.DisplayLeakService"
- android:enabled="false" />
- <activity
- android:name="com.squareup.leakcanary.internal.DisplayLeakActivity"
- android:enabled="false"
- android:icon="@drawable/__leak_canary_icon"
- android:label="@string/__leak_canary_display_activity_label"
- android:taskAffinity="com.squareup.leakcanary"
- android:theme="@style/__LeakCanary.Base" >
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
- </intent-filter>
- </activity>
- </application>
- </manifest>
如上所示LeakCanary给我们自动添加了两个Service和一个Activity,并添加了对SD卡的读写权限
注:
1、如果在Release模式下请使用RefWatcher.DISABLED
2、在Activity或Fragment 的 Destroy方法中添加检测(很好理解,就是判断一个Activity或Fragment想要被销毁的时候,是否还有其他对象持有其引用导致Activity或Fragment不能被回收,从而导致内存泄露)
源码地址:https://github.com/mickyliu945/LeakCanarySample 点击打开链接
本文转自 一点点征服 博客园博客,原文链接http://www.cnblogs.com/ldq2016/p/6636427.html:,如需转载请自行联系原作者