常用以下三种:
【1】substring( expression ,start , length );
【2】CHARINDEX ( expression1 , expression2 [ , start_location ] ) ;
【3】LEFT(expression,start);
注意:
(1)substring中:对于start,负数和0都是空,真正有意义的位置是从" 1 "开始。
(2)CHARINDEX中:expression1是要到expression2中寻找的字符,start_location是CHARINDEX函数开始在expression2中找expression1的位置。
(3)LEFT中:表示截取expression的start索引位置左侧的字符串(包括索引位置在内)。
方法一:动态SQL法
DECLARE @s VARCHAR(50),@sql VARCHAR(300)
SET @s='1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10'
SET @sql='SELECT col='''+ REPLACE(@s,',',''' UNION ALL SELECT ''')+''''
PRINT @sql
EXEC (@sql)
方法二:循环截取法
IF EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM dbo.sysobjects
WHERE id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[f_splitSTR]') AND xtype IN (N'FN', N'IF', N'TF')
)
DROP FUNCTION [dbo].[f_splitSTR];
GO CREATE FUNCTION f_splitSTR(
@s VARCHAR(8000), --待分拆的字符串
@split VARCHAR(10) --数据分隔符
)RETURNS @re TABLE(col VARCHAR(100))
AS
BEGIN
WHILE CHARINDEX(@split,@s)>0
BEGIN
INSERT @re VALUES(LEFT(@s,CHARINDEX(@split,@s)-1))
--删除目标字符串从start开始length并插入指定字符串
SET @s=STUFF(@s,1,CHARINDEX(@split,@s),'')
--Set @s = Substring(@s, CharIndex(@split,@s)+@splitle, 100)
END
INSERT @re VALUES(@s)
RETURN
END
GO
方法三:使用临时性分拆辅助表法
IF EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM dbo.sysobjects
WHERE id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[f_splitSTR]') AND xtype IN (N'FN', N'IF', N'TF')
)
DROP FUNCTION [dbo].[f_splitSTR];
GO CREATE FUNCTION f_splitSTR(
@s VARCHAR(8000), --待分拆的字符串
@split VARCHAR(10) --数据分隔符
)RETURNS @re TABLE(col VARCHAR(100))
AS
BEGIN
--创建分拆处理的辅助表(用户定义函数中只能操作表变量)
DECLARE @t TABLE(ID INT IDENTITY,b BIT)
INSERT @t(b) SELECT TOP 8000 0 FROM syscolumns va
INSERT @re SELECT SUBSTRING(@s,ID,CHARINDEX(@split,@s+@split,ID)-ID)
FROM @t WHERE ID<=LEN(@s) AND CHARINDEX(@split,@s+@split,ID)=ID
RETURN
END
GO
方法四:使用永久性分拆辅助表法
IF EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM dbo.sysobjects
WHERE id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[f_splitSTR]') AND xtype IN (N'FN', N'IF', N'TF')
)
DROP FUNCTION [dbo].[f_splitSTR];
GO
IF EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM dbo.sysobjects
WHERE id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[tb_splitSTR]') and objectproperty(id,N'IsUserTable')=1
)
DROP TABLE [dbo].[tb_splitSTR]
GO --字符串分拆辅助表
SELECT TOP 8000 ID=IDENTITY(int,1,1) INTO dbo.tb_splitSTR FROM syscolumns a
GO
--字符串分拆处理函数
CREATE FUNCTION f_splitSTR(
@s varchar(8000), --待分拆的字符串
@split varchar(10) --数据分隔符
)RETURNS TABLE
AS
RETURN(
SELECT col=CAST(SUBSTRING(@s,ID,CHARINDEX(@split,@s+@split,ID)-ID) as varchar(100))
FROM tb_splitSTR
WHERE ID<=LEN(@s) AND CHARINDEX(@split,@s+@split,ID)=ID)
GO
方法五:利用sql server2005的OUTER APPLY
IF EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM dbo.sysobjects
WHERE id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[f_splitSTR]') AND xtype IN (N'FN', N'IF', N'TF')
)
DROP FUNCTION [dbo].[f_splitSTR];
GO CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[f_splitSTR]
(
@str VARCHAR(MAX) ,
@split VARCHAR(10)
)
RETURNS TABLE
AS
RETURN
( SELECT B.id
FROM ( SELECT [value] = CONVERT(XML , '<v>' + REPLACE(@str , @split , '</v><v>')
+ '</v>')
) A
OUTER APPLY ( SELECT id = N.v.value('.' , 'varchar(100)')
FROM A.[value].nodes('/v') N ( v )
) B
)