ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference
9.Strings - 字符串
I. String Templates 字符串模板
A string template is enclosed by two characters “|” and creates a character string.
字符串模板由两个“|”字符括起来，创建一个字符串。
Literal text consists of all characters that are not in braces {}. The braces can contain:
字面文本包含所有不在大括号{}内的字符。 大括号内可包括如下内容:
- data objects, 数据对象
- calculation expressions, 计算表达式
- constructor expressions, 构造器表达式
- table expressions, 内表表达式
- predefined functions, 预定义功能
- functional methods and method chainings, 功能方法和方法链
下面这个例子就是在大括号内包含了内表表达式，取的内表条件满足某个条件的某个值字段。
II. Concatenation 串联
III. Width/Alignment/Padding 宽度/对齐/填充
WRITE / |{ 'LEFT' WIDTH = 20 ALIGN = LEFT PAD = '0' }|.
WRITE / |{ 'CENTRE' WIDTH = 20 ALIGN = CENTER PAD = '0' }|.
WRITE / |{ 'RIGHT' WIDTH = 20 ALIGN = RIGHT PAD = '0' }|.
IV. Case
原态，大写，小写
WRITE / |{ 'Text' CASE = (CL_ABAP_FORMAT=>C_RAW) }|.
WRITE / |{ 'Text' CASE = (CL_ABAP_FORMAT=>C_UPPER) }|.
WRITE / |{ 'Text' CASE = (CL_ABAP_FORMAT=>C_LOWER) }|.
V. ALPHA conversion
DATA(LV_VBELN) = '0000012345'.
WRITE / |{ LV_VBELN ALPHA = OUT }|. "or use ALPHA = IN to go in other direction
VI. Date conversion
WRITE / |{ PA_DATE DATE = ISO }|. "Date Format YYYY-MM-DD
WRITE / |{ PA_DATE DATE = USER }|. "As per user settings
WRITE / |{ PA_DATE DATE = ENVIRONMENT }|. "Formatting setting of language environment
10. Loop at Group By
I. Definition 定义
LOOP AT itab result [cond] GROUP BY key ( key1 = dobj1 key2 = dobj2 …
[gs = GROUP SIZE] [gi = GROUP INDEX] )
[ASCENDING|DESCENDING [AS TEXT]]
[WITHOUT MEMBERS]
[{INTO group}|{ASSIGNING <group>}]
…
[LOOP AT GROUP group|<group>
…
ENDLOOP.]
…
ENDLOOP.
II. Explanation 解释
The outer loop will do one iteration per key. So if 3 records match the key there will only be one iteration for these 3 records. The structure “group” (or “<group>” ) is unusual in that it can be looped over using the “LOOP AT GROUP” statement. This will loop over the 3 records (members) of the group. The structure “group” also contains the current key as well as the size of the group and index of the group ( if GROUP SIZE and GROUP INDEX have been assigned a field name). This is best understood by an example.
外部循环将对每个键执行一次迭代。因此，如果3条记录与关键值匹配，那么这3条记录将只有一次迭代。结构“group”（或“<group>”）不常见，因为它可以使用“LOOP AT group”语句循环。这将循环访问组的3个记录（成员）。结构“group”还包含当前键、组的大小和组的索引（如果组大小和组索引已分配了字段名）。这一点最好通过一个例子来理解。
III. Example 举例
TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_EMPLOYEE,
NAME TYPE CHAR30,
ROLE TYPE CHAR30,
AGE TYPE I,
END OF TY_EMPLOYEE,
TY_EMPLOYEE_T TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TY_EMPLOYEE WITH KEY NAME.
DATA(GT_EMPLOYEE) = VALUE TY_EMPLOYEE_T(
( NAME = 'Mao' ROLE = 'ABAP guru' AGE = 29 )
( NAME = 'Zhangjie' ROLE = 'FI Consultant' AGE = 33 )
( NAME = 'Hujianchun' ROLE = 'ABAP guru' AGE = 37 )
( NAME = 'XiaoLiu' ROLE = 'FI Consultant' AGE = 31 )
( NAME = 'Xiuxianhai' ROLE = 'ABAP guru' AGE = 30 )
( NAME = 'Huangping' ROLE = 'SD Consultant' AGE = 42 ) ).
DATA: GV_TOT_AGE TYPE I,
GV_AVG_AGE TYPE DECFLOAT34.
"Loop with grouping on Role
LOOP AT GT_EMPLOYEE INTO DATA(LS_EMPLOYEE)
GROUP BY ( ROLE = LS_EMPLOYEE-ROLE
SIZE = GROUP SIZE
INDEX = GROUP INDEX )
ASCENDING
ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<GROUP>).
CLEAR: GV_TOT_AGE.
"Output info at group level
WRITE: / |Group:{ <GROUP>-INDEX } Role: { <GROUP>-ROLE WIDTH = 15 }|
& | Number in this role: { <GROUP>-SIZE }|.
"Loop at members of the group
LOOP AT GROUP <GROUP> ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<LS_MEMBER>).
GV_TOT_AGE = GV_TOT_AGE + <LS_MEMBER>-AGE.
WRITE: /13 <LS_MEMBER>-NAME.
ENDLOOP.
"Average age
GV_AVG_AGE = GV_TOT_AGE / <GROUP>-SIZE.
WRITE: / |Average age: { GV_AVG_AGE }|.
SKIP.
ENDLOOP.
IV. Output 输出结果
11. Classes/Methods 类/方法
I. Referencing fields within returned structures 引用返回结构中的字段
II. Methods that return a type BOOLEAN 返回布尔类型的方法
NB : The type “BOOLEAN” is not a true Boolean but a char1 with allowed values X,- and <blank>.
Using type “FLAG” or “WDY_BOOLEAN” works just as well.
注意 ：类型“BOOLEAN”不是真正的布尔类型，而是一个char1，其允许值为X，-和空。使用类型“FLAG”或“WDY_BOOLEAN”也同样可以。
III. NEW operator - NEW运算符
This operator can be used to instantiate an object.此运算符可用于实例化对象。
12. Meshes 网格
Allows an association to be set up between related data groups.
允许在相关数据组之间设置关联。
I.Problem
Given the following 2 internal tables:
给出以下两个内表：
TYPES: BEGIN OF t_manager,
name TYPE char10,
salary TYPE int4,
END OF t_manager,
tt_manager TYPE SORTED TABLE OF t_manager WITH UNIQUE KEY name.
TYPES: BEGIN OF t_developer,
name TYPE char10,
salary TYPE int4,
manager TYPE char10, “Name of manager
END OF t_developer,
tt_developer TYPE SORTED TABLE OF t_developer WITH UNIQUE KEY name.
Populated as follows:填充如下值
Get the details of Jerry’s manager and all developers managed by Thomas.
II. Solution
TYPES: BEGIN OF MESH M_TEAM,
MANAGERS TYPE TT_MANAGER ASSOCIATION MY_EMPLOYEE TO DEVELOPERS
ON MANAGER = NAME,
DEVELOPERS TYPE TT_DEVELOPER ASSOCIATION MY_MANAGER TO MANAGERS
ON NAME = MANAGER,
END OF MESH M_TEAM.
DATA: LS_TEAM TYPE M_TEAM.
LS_TEAM-MANAGERS = LT_MANAGER.
LS_TEAM-DEVELOPERS = LT_DEVELOPER.
*Get details of Jerry’s manager *
"get line of dev table
ASSIGN LT_DEVELOPER[ NAME = 'JERRY' ] TO FIELD-SYMBOL(<LS_JERRY>).
DATA(LS_JMANAGER) = LS_TEAM–DEVELOPERS\MY_MANAGER[ <LS_JERRY> ].
WRITE: / |Jerry's manager:{ LS_JMANAGER-NAME }|,30
|Salary:{ LS_JMANAGER-SALARY }|.
"Get Thomas’ developers
SKIP.
WRITE: / |Thomas'developers:|.
"line of manager table
ASSIGN LT_MANAGER[ NAME = 'Thomas' ] TO FIELD-SYMBOL(<LS_THOMAS>).
LOOP AT LS_TEAM–MANAGERS\MY_EMPLOYEE[ <LS_THOMAS> ]
ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<LS_EMP>).
WRITE: / |Employee name: { <LS_EMP>-NAME }|.
ENDLOOP.
III. Output
Jerry's manager: Jason Salary: 3000
Thomas'developers:
Employee name: David
Employee name: Jack
Employee name: John
13. Filter 过滤器
Filter the records in a table based on records in another table.
根据另一个表中的记录筛选表中的记录。
I.Definition
… FILTER type( itab [EXCEPT] [IN ftab] [USING KEY keyname]
WHERE c1 op f1 [AND c2 op f2 […]] )
II. Problem
Filter an internal table of Flight Schedules (SPFLI) to only those flights based on a filter table that contains the fields Cityfrom and CityTo.
将航班计划的内表（SPFLI）筛选出仅包含基于Cityfrom和CityTo字段的航班表。
III. Solution
TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_FILTER,
CITYFROM TYPE SPFLI-CITYFROM,
CITYTO TYPE SPFLI-CITYTO,
F3 TYPE I,
END OF TY_FILTER,
TY_FILTER_TAB TYPE HASHED TABLE OF TY_FILTER
WITH UNIQUE KEY CITYFROM CITYTO.
DATA: LT_SPLFI TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF SPFLI.
SELECT * FROM SPFLI APPENDING TABLE LT_SPLFI.
DATA(LT_FILTER) = VALUE TY_FILTER_TAB( F3 = 2
( CITYFROM = 'NEW YORK' CITYTO ='SAN FRANCISCO' )
( CITYFROM = 'FRANKFURT' CITYTO = 'NEW YORK' ) ).
DATA(LT_MYRECS) = FILTER #( LT_SPLFI IN LT_FILTER
WHERE CITYFROM = CITYFROM
AND CITYTO = CITYTO ).
"Output filtered records
LOOP AT LT_MYRECS ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<LS_REC>).
WRITE: / <LS_REC>-CARRID,8 <LS_REC>-CITYFROM,30
<LS_REC>-CITYTO,45 <LS_REC>-DEPTIME.
ENDLOOP.
Note: using the keyword “EXCEPT” (see definition above) would have returned the exact opposite records i.e all records EXCEPT for those those returned above.
注意：使用关键字“EXCEPT”（参见上面的定义）将返回完全相反的记录，即除上面返回的记录之外的所有记录。