html的标签初窥

2023-08-13 16:07:34

<!DOCTYPE>标签必须放在整个html文档的第一行，之后一行就是从<html>标签开始，所有浏览器都支持<!DOCTYPE>标签。

<!DOCTYPE>标签是用来告诉浏览器用哪个html版本解析当前的html页面。

其中很多DOCTYPE中都带有DTD声明，DTD就是html文档的规范说明，主要有：strict（严格）、transitional（过度）、frameset（框架），严格类型的DTD包含了大部分的html元素和属性，但一些过时的元素已经不再支持（font\u\s\iframe等）；过度的包含了所有的html元素和属性，过时的一些元素也支持；框架的DTD是为需要使用框架时所用到的DTD，如无框架，不会用到。

常用的html版本对应的DOCTYPE声明：

html版本 DOCTYPE声明
HTML 5 <!DOCTYPE html>
HTML 4.01 Strict <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
HTML 4.01 Transitional

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
HTML 4.01 Frameset

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">
XHTML 1.0 Strict

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
XHTML 1.0 Transitional

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "
http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
XHTML 1.0 Frameset

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">
XHTML 1.1

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">

对应与不同html版本的DOCTYPE所支持的元素是不同的，基本的支持情况如下列出。

标签 HTML5 HTML 4.01 / XHTML 1.0 XHTML 1.1
Transitional Strict Frameset
<a> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<abbr> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<acronym> No Yes Yes Yes Yes
<address> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<applet> No Yes No Yes No
<area> Yes Yes Yes Yes No
<article> Yes No No No No
<aside> Yes No No No No
<audio> Yes No No No No
<b> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<base> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<basefont> No Yes No Yes No
<bdi> Yes No No No No
<bdo> Yes Yes Yes Yes No
<big> No Yes Yes Yes Yes
<blockquote> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<body> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<br> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<button> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<canvas> Yes No No No No
<caption> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<center> No Yes No Yes No
<cite> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<code> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<col> Yes Yes Yes Yes No
<colgroup> Yes Yes Yes Yes No
<command> Yes No No No No
<datalist> Yes No No No No
<dd> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<del> Yes Yes Yes Yes No
<details> Yes No No No No
<dfn> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<dir> No Yes No Yes No
<div> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<dl> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<dt> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<em> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<embed> Yes No No No No
<fieldset> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<figcaption> Yes No No No No
<figure> Yes No No No No
<font> No Yes No Yes No
<footer> Yes No No No No
<form> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<frame> No No No Yes No
<frameset> No No No Yes No
<h1> to <h6> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<head> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<header> Yes No No No No
<hgroup> Yes No No No No
<hr> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<html> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<i> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<iframe> Yes Yes No Yes No
<img> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<input> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<ins> Yes Yes Yes Yes No
<keygen> Yes No No No No
<kbd> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<label> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<legend> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<li> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<link> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<map> Yes Yes Yes Yes No
<mark> Yes No No No No
<menu> Yes Yes No Yes No
<meta> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<meter> Yes No No No No
<nav> Yes No No No No
<noframes> No Yes No Yes No
<noscript> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<object> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<ol> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<optgroup> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<option> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<output> Yes No No No No
<p> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<param> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<pre> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<progress> Yes No No No No
<q> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<rp> Yes No No No No
<rt> Yes No No No No
<ruby> Yes No No No No
<s> Yes Yes No Yes No
<samp> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<script> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<section> Yes No No No No
<select> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<small> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<source> Yes No No No No
<span> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<strike> No Yes No Yes No
<strong> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<style> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<sub> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<summary> Yes No No No No
<sup> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<table> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<tbody> Yes Yes Yes Yes No
<td> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<textarea> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<tfoot> Yes Yes Yes Yes No
<th> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<thead> Yes Yes Yes Yes No
<time> Yes No No No No
<title> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<tr> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<track> Yes No No No No
<tt> No Yes Yes Yes Yes
<u> No Yes No Yes No
<ul> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<var> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
<video> Yes No No No No
<wbr> Yes No No No No
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