openssl简介
OpenSSL 是一个开源项目，其组成主要包括一下三个组件：
- openssl：多用途的命令行工具
- libcrypto：加密算法库
- libssl：加密模块应用库，实现了ssl及tls
openssl可以实现：密钥证书管理、对称加密和非对称加密等，想了解更多搜索查看官网。接下来主要围绕openssl生成RSA格式及pkcs1与pkcs8格式互相转换。
配置RSA密钥
可以参考支付宝配置密钥：https://docs.open.alipay.com/common/104740
如图：
生成命令使用说明：
RSA密钥生成命令
生成RSA私钥
openssl>genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 1024
生成RSA公钥
openssl>rsa -in rsa_private_key.pem -pubout -out rsa_public_key.pem
将RSA私钥转换成PKCS8格式
openssl>pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in rsa_private_key.pem -outform PEM -nocrypt -out pkcs8.pem
注意：“>”符号后面的才是需要输入的命令。
具体操作：
openssl默认使用的是PEM格式，经过base64。
生成pem格式的私钥：
openssl genrsa -out private_key.pem 1024
[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# openssl genrsa -out private_key.pem 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
............................++++++
..................................................++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# ls
private_key.pem
[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# cat private_key.pem
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
生成公钥：
openssl rsa -in private_key.pem -pubout -out public_key.pem
[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# openssl rsa -in private_key.pem -pubout -out public_key.pem
writing RSA key
[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# ls
private_key.pem public_key.pem
[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# cat public_key.pem
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDH2m9FfHSMZlT1t0PfQDCNHIzv
nbhq6+WlxEWTHETVKe3wHR/E7TgqIYVRU0M1X2Jb7AKtopqer2PqS+AnTC1dUWDt
xcYWdvIaYAgTEyhlvaEpX8kcg2TW+X1VfJuw02nbimfGPcRQFVrJW2UJkAuF3jVy
hy0wnfovclcEEPmaWwIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
pkcs8格式私钥
某些语言需要pkcs8格式的私钥。 （php就不需要了）
使用openssl将刚才生成的私钥转为pkcs#8格式：
openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in private_key.pem -outform PEM -nocrypt -out private_key_pkcs8.pem
[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in private_key.pem -outform PEM -nocrypt -out private_key_pkcs8.pem
[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]#
[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# ls
private_key.pem private_key_pkcs8.pem public_key.pem
[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# cat private_key_pkcs8.pem
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
pkcs1与pkcs8格式互相转换
传统私钥格式转PKCS8在文中上面已经给出 ，这里主要是PKCS8格式私钥转换为PKCS1（传统私钥格式）
命令：openssl rsa -in pkcs8.pem -out pri_key.pem
[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# openssl rsa -in private_key_pkcs8.pem -out pri_key.pem
writing RSA key
[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]# cat pri_key.pem
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
[root@VM_0_2_centos sign]#
根据结果可知和上面生成的私钥是一致的
加解密demo代码
PHP版
<?php
$pri = "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----";
$pub = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDH2m9FfHSMZlT1t0PfQDCNHIzv
nbhq6+WlxEWTHETVKe3wHR/E7TgqIYVRU0M1X2Jb7AKtopqer2PqS+AnTC1dUWDt
xcYWdvIaYAgTEyhlvaEpX8kcg2TW+X1VfJuw02nbimfGPcRQFVrJW2UJkAuF3jVy
hy0wnfovclcEEPmaWwIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----";
$data = "message";
echo "\n<br/>\n";
openssl_public_encrypt($data, $crypted, $pub);
echo base64_encode($crypted);
echo "\n<br/>\n";
openssl_private_decrypt($crypted, $decrypted, $pri);
echo $decrypted;
?>
Java版
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import sun.misc.*;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
public class TestRSA {
public static String PRIVATE_KEY = "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----" + "\n" +
"MIICXAIBAAKBgQCd3V5+GjpOwqNks9ProDGaZT2qURAAuAodHcUM3P1mnhOh4l4u" + "\n" +
"VdvkXunUI7K6XDg6Xu9eL1WDQc6qKXs/OD91LS+RpkIAb2gMU8hGrNfR34izZh36" + "\n" +
"KdfWnEQpniAiFsHsg2ddAaPtGZZ8/jpjuPq32IVZJkgyKcWqnz5aL3FMXQIDAQAB" + "\n" +
"AoGAJFdkvGTvTVhTYwhe3dxn7uIlmwLES1YSxfcneLmbADedz2OcSNBtKZqL+9Eo" + "\n" +
"AOzf6NgYBLei2O+aUuPvwnMBcGyijFmRoZGVEj70UP0mngyAkvY/juA60QDe5kY5" + "\n" +
"rsqj4raHUf4iDK85nNwzXu7hIlPAn+ZmH+e2Eekwo1rmgQUCQQDJerucfBKk3qrV" + "\n" +
"xS5NRW99lKMomIsMH55Si+rbrnk8aU3SSRSD6uil3Dytv0erLZbc9d0Nr6SmBZgO" + "\n" +
"0qzOjXDDAkEAyJVGgHMNuMbpHnim93HAP7wcejmMx7rP4zutw4OCiHrWv3kN8WUC" + "\n" +
"u826taRFtOuiXhQ3X8+tb0l4ifae+vJ8XwJAEcmuKqChnMCz4G+qKNRKhZHL3dep" + "\n" +
"3wYjmjIUKBT9SyIY5sng78ybgZkyGjza/Pfna9ahD4ZESQwRYq2i6BGAtQJBAJyD" + "\n" +
"bmnYXQKro0e1mYNHbV3OKOJueZ139bM35BTFT1uzjlIF4Y1U5lco5uHJduL/YsjK" + "\n" +
"OZM3d/t4duggWlkyUT0CQBdsjc7eQ9roxphrW4Q/6Zwi0EQ4xxM4SgxPY1RvkKFu" + "\n" +
"i0HdYBj5KRdIbrAbisUyQeKzB7+6oTJH5+kZAU/pxao=" + "\n" +
"-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----";
public static String PRIVATE_KEY_PKCS8 = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----" + "\n" +
"MIICdgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmAwggJcAgEAAoGBAJ3dXn4aOk7Co2Sz" + "\n" +
"0+ugMZplPapREAC4Ch0dxQzc/WaeE6HiXi5V2+Re6dQjsrpcODpe714vVYNBzqop" + "\n" +
"ez84P3UtL5GmQgBvaAxTyEas19HfiLNmHfop19acRCmeICIWweyDZ10Bo+0Zlnz+" + "\n" +
"OmO4+rfYhVkmSDIpxaqfPlovcUxdAgMBAAECgYAkV2S8ZO9NWFNjCF7d3Gfu4iWb" + "\n" +
"AsRLVhLF9yd4uZsAN53PY5xI0G0pmov70SgA7N/o2BgEt6LY75pS4+/CcwFwbKKM" + "\n" +
"WZGhkZUSPvRQ/SaeDICS9j+O4DrRAN7mRjmuyqPitodR/iIMrzmc3DNe7uEiU8Cf" + "\n" +
"5mYf57YR6TCjWuaBBQJBAMl6u5x8EqTeqtXFLk1Fb32UoyiYiwwfnlKL6tuueTxp" + "\n" +
"TdJJFIPq6KXcPK2/R6stltz13Q2vpKYFmA7SrM6NcMMCQQDIlUaAcw24xukeeKb3" + "\n" +
"ccA/vBx6OYzHus/jO63Dg4KIeta/eQ3xZQK7zbq1pEW066JeFDdfz61vSXiJ9p76" + "\n" +
"8nxfAkARya4qoKGcwLPgb6oo1EqFkcvd16nfBiOaMhQoFP1LIhjmyeDvzJuBmTIa" + "\n" +
"PNr89+dr1qEPhkRJDBFiraLoEYC1AkEAnINuadhdAqujR7WZg0dtXc4o4m55nXf1" + "\n" +
"szfkFMVPW7OOUgXhjVTmVyjm4cl24v9iyMo5kzd3+3h26CBaWTJRPQJAF2yNzt5D" + "\n" +
"2ujGmGtbhD/pnCLQRDjHEzhKDE9jVG+QoW6LQd1gGPkpF0husBuKxTJB4rMHv7qh" + "\n" +
"Mkfn6RkBT+nFqg==" + "\n" +
"-----END PRIVATE KEY-----";
public static String PUBLIC_KEY = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----" + "\n" +
"MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCd3V5+GjpOwqNks9ProDGaZT2q" + "\n" +
"URAAuAodHcUM3P1mnhOh4l4uVdvkXunUI7K6XDg6Xu9eL1WDQc6qKXs/OD91LS+R" + "\n" +
"pkIAb2gMU8hGrNfR34izZh36KdfWnEQpniAiFsHsg2ddAaPtGZZ8/jpjuPq32IVZ" + "\n" +
"JkgyKcWqnz5aL3FMXQIDAQAB" + "\n" +
"-----END PUBLIC KEY-----";
public static void main(String[] args) {
String text = "message";
try {
String priStr = PRIVATE_KEY_PKCS8.replaceAll("-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\n", "");
priStr = priStr.replaceAll("-----END PRIVATE KEY-----", "");
byte [] privateKeyBytes = new BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(priStr);
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec privateKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(privateKeyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
PrivateKey privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(privateKeySpec);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
byte[] crypted = cipher.doFinal(text.getBytes());
System.out.println(new BASE64Encoder().encode(crypted));
// decrypt blow.
String pubStr = PUBLIC_KEY.replaceAll("-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\n", "");
pubStr = pubStr.replaceAll("-----END PUBLIC KEY-----", "");
byte [] publicKeyBytes = new BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(pubStr);
X509EncodedKeySpec pubKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(publicKeyBytes);
keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
PublicKey publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(pubKeySpec);
cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
byte[] bytes = cipher.doFinal(crypted);
System.out.println(new String(bytes, "ISO-8859-1"));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
需要注意的是，java的代码中的private key必须使用pkcs#8格式的。
java加密 php解密 也是没问题的！
感谢大家的阅读，也希望能转发并关注我的公众号（帝都小崔Cayden）或搜索code_cayden