版本:.NET Framework 3.5
先来一个反射调用方法的例子:
using System;
using System.Reflection;
class Example
{
static void Main()
{
Type t = typeof(String);
MethodInfo substr = t.GetMethod("Substring",
new Type[] { typeof(int), typeof(int) });
// 用MethodBase类的Invoke(object obj, object[] parameters)方法
Object result =
substr.Invoke("Hello, World!", new Object[] { 7, 5 });// 射调用String的Substring(int startIndex, int length)方法
Console.WriteLine("{0} returned \"{1}\".", substr, result);
}
}
/* 输出:
System.String Substring(Int32, Int32) returned “World”.
*/
进入正题:通过Type.InvokeMethod实现方法的重载
1)介绍type
Type 为 System.Reflection 功能的根,也是访问元数据的主要方式。使用 Type 的成员获取关于类型声明的信息,如构造函数、方法、字段、属性和类的事件,以及在其中部署该类的模块和程序集。
在多线程方案中,不要锁定 Type 对象以同步对 static 数据的访问。其他不受您控制的代码可能也会锁定您的类类型。这可能会导致死锁。应转而通过锁定私有 static 对象来同步对静态数据的访问。
这个类是线程安全的;多个线程可以同时从此类型的一个实例读取数据。Type 的实例可表示以下任何类型:
类
值类型
数组
接口
指针
枚举
构造泛型类型和泛型类型定义
构造泛型类型、泛型类型定义和泛型方法定义的类型实参和类型形参
2)实例
Assembly assembly = Assembly.LoadFrom(sDllName);
Type fType = assembly.GetType(sClassName);
object instance = Activator.CreateInstance (fType);
fType.InvokeMember(“classmethod”,BindingFlags.InvokeMethod,null,instance,sParams);//调用指定实例instance的classmethod方法,sParams为传入参数,数量不固定,达到方法的重载
3)扩展
枚举类BindingFlags各属性含义
Default 不指定绑定标志。
IgnoreCase 指定当绑定时不应考虑成员名的大小写。
DeclaredOnly 指定只应考虑在所提供类型的层次结构级别上声明的成员。不考虑继承成员。
Instance 指定实例成员将包括在搜索中。
Static 指定静态成员将包括在搜索中。
Public 指定公共成员将包括在搜索中。
NonPublic 指定非公共成员将包括在搜索中。
FlattenHierarchy 指定应返回层次结构上的公共静态成员和受保护的静态成员。不返回继承类中的私有静态成员。静态成员包括字段、方法、事件和属性。不返回嵌套类型。
InvokeMethod 指定要调用一个方法。它不能是构造函数或类型初始值设定项。
CreateInstance 指定“反射”应该创建指定类型的实例。调用与给定参数匹配的构造函数。忽略提供的成员名。如果未指定查找类型,将应用 (Instance |Public)。调用类型初始值设定项是不可能的。
GetField 指定应返回指定字段的值。
SetField 指定应设置指定字段的值。
GetProperty 指定应返回指定属性的值。
SetProperty 指定应设置指定属性的值。对于 COM 属性,指定此绑定标志与指定 PutDispProperty 和 PutRefDispProperty 是等效的。
PutDispProperty 指定应调用 COM 对象的 PROPPUT 成员。PROPPUT 指定使用值的属性设置函数。如果属性同时具有 PROPPUT 和 PROPPUTREF,而且需要区分调用哪一个,请使用 PutDispProperty。
PutRefDispProperty 指定应调用 COM 对象的 PROPPUTREF 成员。PROPPUTREF 指定使用引用而不是值的属性设置函数。如果属性同时具有 PROPPUT 和 PROPPUTREF,而且需要区分调用哪一个,请使用 PutRefDispProperty。
ExactBinding 指定提供参数的类型必须与对应形参的类型完全匹配。如果调用方提供一个非空 Binder 对象,则“反射”将引发异常,因为这意味着调用方正在提供的 BindToXXX 实现将选取适当的方法。
SuppressChangeType 未实现。
OptionalParamBinding 返回其参数计数与提供参数的数目匹配的成员集。此绑定标志用于所带参数具有默认值的方法和带变量参数 (varargs) 的方法。此标志应只与 Type.InvokeMember 一起使用。
IgnoreReturn 在 COM interop 中用于指定可以忽略成员的返回值。
举例
using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.IO;
namespace BindingFlagsSnippet
{
class EntryPoint
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Invoke.Go();
}
}
class Invoke
{
public static void Go()
{
// BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
// Call a static method.
Type t = typeof (TestClass);
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Invoking a static method.");
Console.WriteLine("-------------------------");
t.InvokeMember ("SayHello", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static, null, null, new object [] {});
// BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
// Call an instance method.
TestClass c = new TestClass ();
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Invoking an instance method.");
Console.WriteLine("----------------------------");
c.GetType().InvokeMember ("AddUp", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, c, new object [] {});
c.GetType().InvokeMember ("AddUp", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, c, new object [] {});
// BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
// Call a method with parameters.
object [] args = new object [] {100.09, 184.45};
object result;
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Invoking a method with parameters.");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------");
result = t.InvokeMember ("ComputeSum", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, null, args);
Console.WriteLine ("{0} + {1} = {2}", args[0], args[1], result);
// BindingFlags.GetField, SetField
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Invoking a field (getting and setting.)");
Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------------");
// Get a field value.
result = t.InvokeMember ("Name", BindingFlags.GetField, null, c, new object [] {});
Console.WriteLine ("Name == {0}", result);
// Set a field.
t.InvokeMember ("Name", BindingFlags.SetField, null, c, new object [] {"NewName"});
result = t.InvokeMember ("Name", BindingFlags.GetField, null, c, new object [] {});
Console.WriteLine ("Name == {0}", result);
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Invoking an indexed property (getting and setting.)");
Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------------------------");
// BindingFlags.GetProperty
// Get an indexed property value.
int index = 3;
result = t.InvokeMember ("Item", BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, c, new object [] {index});
Console.WriteLine ("Item[{0}] == {1}", index, result);
// BindingFlags.SetProperty
// Set an indexed property value.
index = 3;
t.InvokeMember ("Item", BindingFlags.SetProperty, null, c, new object [] {index, "NewValue"});
result = t.InvokeMember ("Item", BindingFlags.GetProperty , null, c, new object [] {index});
Console.WriteLine ("Item[{0}] == {1}", index, result);
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Getting a field or property.");
Console.WriteLine("----------------------------");
// BindingFlags.GetField
// Get a field or property.
result = t.InvokeMember ("Name", BindingFlags.GetField | BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, c, new object [] {});
Console.WriteLine ("Name == {0}", result);
// BindingFlags.GetProperty
result = t.InvokeMember ("Value", BindingFlags.GetField | BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, c, new object [] {});
Console.WriteLine ("Value == {0}", result);
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Invoking a method with named parameters.");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------");
// BindingFlags.InvokeMethod
// Call a method using named parameters.
object[] argValues = new object [] {"Mouse", "Micky"};
String [] argNames = new String [] {"lastName", "firstName"};
t.InvokeMember ("PrintName", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, null, argValues, null, null, argNames);
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Invoking a default member of a type.");
Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------");
// BindingFlags.Default
// Call the default member of a type.
Type t3 = typeof (TestClass2);
t3.InvokeMember ("", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod | BindingFlags.Default, null, new TestClass2(), new object [] {});
// BindingFlags.Static, NonPublic, and Public
// Invoking a member by reference.
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Invoking a method by reference.");
Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------");
MethodInfo m = t.GetMethod("Swap");
args = new object[2];
args[0] = 1;
args[1] = 2;
m.Invoke(new TestClass(),args);
Console.WriteLine ("{0}, {1}", args[0], args[1]);
// The string is case-sensitive.
Type type = Type.GetType("System.String");
// Check to see if the value is valid. If the object is null, the type does not exist.
if (type == null)
{
Console.WriteLine("Please ensure that you specify only valid types in the type field.");
Console.WriteLine("The type name is case-sensitive.");
return;
}
// Declare and populate the arrays to hold the information.
// You must declare either NonPublic or Public with Static or the search will not work.
FieldInfo [] fi = type.GetFields (BindingFlags.Static |
BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
// BindingFlags.NonPublic
MethodInfo [] miNonPublic = type.GetMethods (BindingFlags.Static |
BindingFlags.NonPublic);
// BindingFlags.Public
MethodInfo [] miPublic = type.GetMethods (BindingFlags.Static |
BindingFlags.Public);
// Iterate through all the nonpublic methods.
foreach (MethodInfo method in miNonPublic)
{
Console.WriteLine(method);
}
// Iterate through all the public methods.
foreach (MethodInfo method in miPublic)
{
Console.WriteLine(method);
}
// Iterate through all the fields.
foreach (FieldInfo f in fi)
{
Console.WriteLine(f);
}
// BindingFlags.Instance
// Call an instance method.
TestClass tc = new TestClass ();
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Invoking an Instance method.");
Console.WriteLine("----------------------------");
tc.GetType().InvokeMember ("AddUp", BindingFlags.Public |
BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.CreateInstance,
null, tc, new object [] {});
// BindingFlags.CreateInstance
// Calling and creating an instance method.
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Invoking and creating an instance method.");
Console.WriteLine("-----------------------------------------");
tc.GetType().InvokeMember ("AddUp", BindingFlags.Public |
BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.CreateInstance,
null, tc, new object [] {});
// BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly
TestClass tc2 = new TestClass();
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("DeclaredOnly members");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------");
System.Reflection.MemberInfo[] memInfo =
tc2.GetType().GetMembers(BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly);
for(int i=0;i<memInfo.Length;i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(memInfo[i].Name);
}
// BindingFlags.SuppressChangeType
TestClass obj = new TestClass();
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Invoking static method - PrintName");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------");
System.Reflection.MethodInfo methInfo =
obj.GetType().GetMethod("PrintName");
methInfo.Invoke(obj,BindingFlags.SuppressChangeType |
BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null,new object[]
{"Brad","Smith"},null);
// BindingFlags.IgnoreCase
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Using IgnoreCase and invoking the PrintName method.");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------------");
methInfo = obj.GetType().GetMethod("PrintName");
methInfo.Invoke(obj,BindingFlags.IgnoreCase |
BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null,new object[]
{"brad","smith"},null);
// BindingFlags.IgnoreReturn
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Using IgnoreReturn and invoking the PrintName method.");
Console.WriteLine("-----------------------------------------------------");
methInfo = obj.GetType().GetMethod("PrintName");
methInfo.Invoke(obj,BindingFlags.IgnoreReturn |
BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null,new object[]
{"Brad","Smith"},null);
// BindingFlags.OptionalParamBinding
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Using OptionalParamBinding and invoking the PrintName method.");
Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------------------------------------");
methInfo = obj.GetType().GetMethod("PrintName");
methInfo.Invoke(obj,BindingFlags.OptionalParamBinding |
BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null,new object[]
{"Brad","Smith"},null);
// BindingFlags.ExactBinding
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Using ExactBinding and invoking the PrintName method.");
Console.WriteLine("-----------------------------------------------------");
methInfo = obj.GetType().GetMethod("PrintName");
methInfo.Invoke(obj,BindingFlags.ExactBinding |
BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null,new object[]
{"Brad","Smith"},null);
// BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Using FlattenHierarchy and invoking the PrintName method.");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------------------");
methInfo = obj.GetType().GetMethod("PrintName");
methInfo.Invoke(obj,BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy |
BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null,new object[]
{"Brad","Smith"},null);
}
}
转载:https://www.cnblogs.com/snake-hand/p/3143075.html