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Using pstree by command name

Using pstree you can search by the child process name and get the Process ID (PID) along with the parents, grandparents and any children of the child process:

$ pstree -hp | grep sleep

           |-cron(763)---cron(795)---sh(839)---display-auto-br(841)---sleep(8414)

In this case sleep is the child command and it's PID is 8414. It's parent ID is 841 and is called display-auto-brightness. The grandparent is a shell (sh) with a process ID of 839. The great-grandparent is cron with a process ID of 795. The great-great-grandparent is also cron with a process ID of 763.

If you want to search by Process ID of sleep instead of name you can use:

$ pstree -hp | grep 14653

           |-cron(763)---cron(795)---sh(839)---display-auto-br(841)---sleep(14653)

Notice the sleep process ID changed to 14653. The parent (PID 841) sleeps for 1 minute, wakes up for a split second and then starts a new sleep command which gets a new process ID. This is another reason why searching for sleep is easier than searching by process ID.

This code was taken from: Automatically adjust display brightness based on sunrise and sunset and adapted to this question.

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To see a nested chain all the way back to boot process use the PID instead of name:

$ pstree -aps 8541

systemd,1 splash fastboot kaslr

  └─cron,763 -f

      └─cron,795 -f

          └─sh,839 -c    /usr/local/bin/display-auto-brightness

              └─display-auto-br,841 /usr/local/bin/display-auto-brightness

                  └─sleep,8541 60

Note: Another minute has passed and the sleep command gets a new PID (8541).