Linux-QT串口通信
环境:Ubuntu18.04 QT4.8.6
1. QT新建Qt Console Application
#include <QCoreApplication> #include "ThreadTest.h" int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QCoreApplication a(argc, argv); ThreadTest * thTest = new ThreadTest(); thTest->start(); return a.exec(); }View Code
2. 新建一个串口类SerialPort
.h文件
#ifndef SERIALPORT_H #define SERIALPORT_H #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <termios.h> #include <string.h> #include <QString> #include <QDebug> class SerialPort { public: // 构造 SerialPort(QString devName); // 析构 ~SerialPort(); public: // 设置波特率等 int set_port_attr (int baudrate, int databit, const char *stopbit, char parity, int vtime,int vmin ); // 数据位 void set_data_bit (struct termios *opt, unsigned int databit); // 校验位 void set_parity (struct termios *opt, char parity); // 停止位 void set_stopbit (struct termios *opt, const char *stopbit); // 写数据 int Write(const uchar *data,const int len); // 读数据 int Read(void *data,const int len, const int waitms); // 设置波特率 void set_baudrate (struct termios *opt, uint baudrate); private: int serialPortFd; }; #endif // SERIALPORT_HView Code
.CPP文件
#include "SerialPort.h" // 构造 SerialPort::SerialPort(QString devName) { serialPortFd = open(devName.toAscii().data(), O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY); qDebug() << "serialPortFd = " << serialPortFd; } // 设置波特率等 int SerialPort::set_port_attr (int baudrate, int databit, const char *stopbit, char parity, int vtime,int vmin ){ struct termios opt; tcgetattr(serialPortFd, &opt); set_baudrate(&opt, baudrate); opt.c_cflag |= CLOCAL | CREAD; /* | CRTSCTS */ set_data_bit(&opt, databit); set_parity(&opt, parity); set_stopbit(&opt, stopbit); opt.c_oflag = 0; //opt.c_lflag |= 0; opt.c_lflag &= ~(ICANON | ECHO | ECHOE); opt.c_oflag &= ~OPOST; opt.c_cc[VTIME] = vtime; opt.c_cc[VMIN] = vmin; tcflush (serialPortFd, TCIFLUSH); return (tcsetattr (serialPortFd, TCSANOW, &opt)); } // 设置波特率 void SerialPort::set_baudrate (struct termios *opt, uint baudrate) { cfsetispeed(opt, baudrate); cfsetospeed(opt, baudrate); } // 数据位 void SerialPort::set_data_bit (struct termios *opt, unsigned int databit) { opt->c_cflag &= ~CSIZE; switch (databit) { case 8: opt->c_cflag |= CS8; break; case 7: opt->c_cflag |= CS7; break; case 6: opt->c_cflag |= CS6; break; case 5: opt->c_cflag |= CS5; break; default: opt->c_cflag |= CS8; break; } } // 校验位 void SerialPort::set_parity (struct termios *opt, char parity) { switch (parity) { case 'N': /* 无校验 */ case 'n': opt->c_cflag &= ~PARENB; break; case 'E': /* 偶校验 */ case 'e': opt->c_cflag |= PARENB; opt->c_cflag &= ~PARODD; break; case 'O': /* 奇校验 */ case 'o': opt->c_cflag |= PARENB; opt->c_cflag |= ~PARODD; break; default: /* 其它选择为无校验 */ opt->c_cflag &= ~PARENB; break; } } // 停止位 void SerialPort::set_stopbit (struct termios *opt, const char *stopbit) { if (0 == strcmp (stopbit, "1")) { opt->c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB; /* 1位停止位t */ } else if (0 == strcmp (stopbit, "1.5")) { opt->c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB; /* 1.5位停止位 */ } else if (0 == strcmp (stopbit, "2")) { opt->c_cflag |= CSTOPB; } else { opt->c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB; /* 1 位停止位 */ } } // 写数据 int SerialPort::Write(const uchar *data,const int len){ int returnLength = write(serialPortFd, data, len); /* 向串口发送字符串 */ return returnLength; } // 读数据 waitms超时时间 int SerialPort::Read(void *data,const int len, const int waitms){ fd_set inputs; struct timeval timeout; FD_ZERO(&inputs); FD_SET(serialPortFd,&inputs); timeout.tv_sec = waitms/1000; timeout.tv_usec = (waitms%1000)*1000; int returnLength = select(FD_SETSIZE,&inputs,(fd_set *)NULL,(fd_set *)NULL,&timeout); if (returnLength == 0){ //qDebug() << "read timeout!\n"; return -1; } //qDebug() << "ComDevice::Read 5"; if (returnLength == -1){ qDebug() << "select read device error!\n"; return -2; } returnLength = read(serialPortFd, data, len); /* 在串口读取字符串 */ return returnLength; } // 析构 SerialPort::~SerialPort(){ }View Code
3. 请求串口数据的线程类ThreadTest
.h文件
#ifndef THREADTEST_H #define THREADTEST_H #include <QThread> #include <QDateTime> #include "SerialPort.h" class ThreadTest : public QThread { public: ThreadTest(); ~ThreadTest(); private: // 线程 virtual void run(); // 请求实时数据 void RequestRealData(); // 打印数据 void PrintData(QString str, uchar *data, int length); private: // 校验和,左闭右开 ushort GetCheckSum(uchar * data, int startIndex, int endIndex); // 十六进制转ASCII uchar CharToAscii(uchar bHex); // ASCII转十六进制 uchar AsciiToChar(uchar bChar); private: // 串口 SerialPort * serialPort; }; #endif // THREADTEST_HView Code
.CPP文件
#include "ThreadTest.h" ThreadTest::ThreadTest() { serialPort = new SerialPort("/dev/ttymxc5"); serialPort->set_port_attr(9600, 8, "1", 'N',20,255); } // 线程 void ThreadTest::run(){ while (TRUE) { RequestRealData(); sleep(2); } } // 请求实时数据 void ThreadTest::RequestRealData(){ // 清除串口内存中数据 // uchar clearData[148]; // int clearLen = serialPort->Read(clearData, 148, 1000); // qDebug() << "clearLen = " << clearLen; uchar dataReq[18] = {0x7E,0x31,0x31,0x30,0x31,0x32,0x41,0x34,0x34,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0D }; ushort checkSum = GetCheckSum(dataReq, 1, 13); dataReq[13] = CharToAscii((checkSum >> 12)&0x0F); dataReq[14] = CharToAscii((checkSum >> 8)&0x0F); dataReq[15] = CharToAscii((checkSum >> 4)&0x0F); dataReq[16] = CharToAscii((checkSum >> 0)&0x0F); PrintData(QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString("yyyy.MM.dd hh:mm:ss.zzz") + " Send: ", dataReq, 18); // 2020.12.04 02:58:35 serialPort->Write(dataReq, 18); usleep(20 * 1000); uchar realDataAck[148]; int ret1 = serialPort->Read(realDataAck, 148, 1000); int ret2 = 0; // if(ret1 < 148){ // ret1 = ret1 < 0 ? 0 : ret1; // usleep(1000 * 100); // ret2 = serialPort->Read(realDataAck+ret1, 148-ret1, 1000); // } if(ret1+ret2 <= 0){ return; } PrintData(QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString("yyyy.MM.dd hh:mm:ss.zzz") + " Revice: ", realDataAck, ret1+ret2); // ParseAlarmDataAck(realDataAck, ret1); } // 校验和,左闭右开 ushort ThreadTest::GetCheckSum(uchar * data, int startIndex, int endIndex){ ushort sum = 0; for(int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++){ sum += data[i]; } sum = (~sum) + 1; return sum; } // 十六进制转ASCII uchar ThreadTest::CharToAscii(uchar bHex){ if((bHex>=0)&&(bHex<=9)){ return bHex + 0x30; } return bHex += 0x37; } // ASCII转十六进制 uchar ThreadTest::AsciiToChar(uchar bChar){ if((bChar>=0x30)&&(bChar<=0x39)){ return bChar - 0x30; }else if((bChar>=0x41)&&(bChar<=0x46)){ // Capital return bChar - 0x37; } // littlecase return bChar - 0x57; } // 打印数据 void ThreadTest::PrintData(QString str, uchar *data, int length){ // return; for(int i = 0; i < length; i++){ str += QString("%1 ").arg(data[i], 2, 16, QLatin1Char('0')); } qDebug() << "R:\t" << str; } ThreadTest::~ThreadTest() { if(serialPort != NULL){ delete serialPort; serialPort = NULL; } }View Code
相关注释代码中都有了,相对比较简单,主要是读写操作,借用了一个实例,有些BCD码的转换和校验位的处理,实际操作中可以替换掉处理。
注意事项:
串口名字肯定是不一样的,图纸上都会有;
检验位、数据位、奇偶校验这些设置;
超时时间;
请求数据的长度,接收数据的长度,这些不如在Windows上好用,都是需要自己注意处理的,有些代码是屏蔽的,比如是请求两次达到你想要的长度,这些可以防止一次请求不完;
读请求应答ParseAlarmDataAck这个屏蔽的方法可以用来处理数据,这儿只是打印显示了下;
下面是测试用例,
运行环境:ARM V7开发板 232串口
1. 开发板接出线转USB接入到电脑上,打开电脑调试软件,如下图所示,波特率、校验位设置好,打开串口就可以读取到数据了;
2. 设置串口调试软件发送数据,点击收到回答后发下一帧,即在接收到串口的数据就发一帧应答数据,发送区2,点击自动发,16进制发送;发送区1 2 3都是独立的,都可以发送,咱们用一个即可;
3. 查看开发板上打印的日志,即接收到的数据,打印的Send是发送的数据,Revice就是接收到的数据,接收到数据之后,自己写一个ParseAlarmDataAck方法就可以处理数据啦,根据具体协议来操作;
相对比较简单,QT5是有了自带的串口操作类,但貌似用QT4.8.6的更多呀...