Windows平台之Oracle10g DG配置

Windows平台之Oracle10g DG配置

DataGuard简称DG,是一种数据库级别的HA方案,最主要功能是冗灾、数据保护、故障恢复,DG是生产数据库的"事务一致性copy",创建时,使用生产库的物理copy,创建完成后,备库会通过生产库传输过来的归档日志(或重做条目)自动维护备用数据库。将重做数据应用到备用库。DG分为"物理standby""逻辑standby" 。本实例是采用“物理standby”。DGOracle企业版专有特性,因此标准版是没有的。

操作系统
主从关系
IP地址
数据文件路径
win2003server
Primary
192.168.48.101
D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\dgoracle
win2003server
Standby
192.168.48.102
D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\dgoracle

注:PrimaryStandby的数据文件路径可以不一样。
 
硬件及操作系统要求:
1.       运行于相同的硬件平台,比如都是intelx86架构的32linux平台
2.       服务器的配置可以不一样,只要有足够的存储数据文件的空间就行
3.       primarystandby服务器的操作系统必须一致,当然版本可以略有差异,比如一个是AS4,另一个是AS5
 
Oracle数据库名称规划:

db_name
dgoracle
db_uniqe_name
dgoracle
instance_name
txgj
service_name
dgoracle
oracle_sid
txgj

Primarystandby服务器上分别安装好Oracle数据库,也可以先安装软件,然后在Primary上建库,然后再将数据文件copystandby上。
 
DG配置之路
 
1. Primary上查看归档
SQL>archive log list
如果未归档,则开启归档
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup mount;
SQL>alter database archivelog;
SQL>alter database open;
SQL>archive log list;
 
2.Primary上指定归档日志路径与格式
SQL>alter system set log_archive_dest_1=’D:\oracle\archlog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)’scope=spfile;
SQL>alter system set log_archive_format=’arch_%t_%s_%r_arc’ scope=spfile;
 
3.Primary上修改数据库为强制归档模式
SQL>alter database force logging;
SQL>shutdowm immediate;
 
4.Primary上创建参数文件及standby控制文件
SQL>startup mount
SQL>create pfile=’D:\oracle\init.ora’ from spfile;
SQL>alter database create standby controlfile as ‘D:\oracle\01.ctl’;
SQL>shutdown immediate;
 
5.关闭Standby库,并将Primary的数据文件复制并覆盖同名文件,复制刚创建的参数文件与控制文件,将01.ctl再复制2份并命名为同名控制文件,然后覆盖安装目录下同名文件。复制Primary密码文件覆盖standby安装目录下同名文件。
 
6.修改Primary刚创建的pfile参数,添加如下内容:
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
*.FAL_SERVER='standby'
*.FAL_CLIENT='primary'
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO'
*.STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST='D:\oracle\archstandby'
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=('D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\dgoracle','D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\dgoracle')
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=('D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\dgoracle','D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\dgoracle')
 
每个参数具体什么意思去Baidu一下。
 
7.修改Standby参数文件,添加以下内容:
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=primary LGWR ASYNC'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
*.FAL_SERVER=primary
*.FAL_CLIENT=standby
*.STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST='D:\oracle\archstandby'
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=('D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\dgoracle','D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\dgoracle')
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=('D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\dgoracle','D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\dgoracle')
 
8.配置主备库的监听文件
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
    (SID_LIST =
       (SID_DESC =
         (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
         (ORACLE_HOME = f:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1)
         (PROGRAM = extproc)
      )
       (SID_DESC =
         (GLOBAL_DBNAME= dgoracle)
         (ORACLE_HOME = D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1)
         (SID_NAME = txgj)
      )
    )
 
LISTENER =
    (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
       (DESCRIPTION =
         (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.48.101)(PORT = 1521))
         (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
     )
   )
注:蓝色字体为主备库都要添加内容,红色字体则是修改成本机的IP
 
9.配置主备库tnsnames.ora文件,添加内容:
PRIMARY =
    (DESCRIPTION =
       (ADDRESS_LIST =
         (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.48.101)(PORT = 1521))
       )
       (CONNECT_DATA =
         (SERVICE_NAME = dgoracle)
      )
    )
 
STANDBY =
    (DESCRIPTION =
       (ADDRESS_LIST =
         (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.48.102)(PORT = 1521))
       )
       (CONNECT_DATA =
         (SERVICE_NAME = dgoracle)
       )
     )
 
配置完后,启动监听测试下tnsping primarytnsping standby,看能否ping通。
 
10.先启standby库,然后启动primary库,日志切换测试
启动standby
SQL>create spfile from pfile=’D:\oracle\init.ora’;
SQL>startup nomount;
SQL>alter database mount standby database;
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
启动primary
SQL>create spfile from pfile=’D:\oracle\init.ora’;
SQL>startup
Primary上做几次日志切换测试
SQL>alter system switch logfile;
SQL>archive log list;
此时在standby查到的日志情况应该是中间一项为0,其它2项目与primary一致。
SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log order by sequence#;
standby执行上面查询语句,若日志应用情况都为YES,且比primay当前日志序号小1则为正常。
SQL> select database_role,switchover_status from v$database;
primarystandby上执行上条语句,查询角色及切换状态。
 
11.容灾测试
Primary上创建:
SQL>create user newyl identified by newyl;
SQL>grant connect,resource to newyl;
SQL>conn test/test@primary
SQL>create table test(name varchar2(20));
SQL>insert into test values(‘my name is tianwf’);
SQL>commit;
SQL>conn /as sysdba;
SQL>alter system switch logfile;
Standby切到只读模式,查询是数据是否同步过来
SQL>conn /as sysdba
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
SQL>alter database open read only;
SQL>conn newyl/newyl
SQL>select * from test;
结果为:
NAME:
My name is tianwf
说明同步正常。
再次将standby切换至恢复状态:
SQL>conn /as sysdba
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
12.主备机角色转换
Primary切换standby角色
SQL>alter system switch logfile;
SQL>alter database commit to switchover to standby with session shutdown;
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup nomount;
SQL>alter database mount standby database;
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Standby切换到primary角色
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary with session shutdown;
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup;
查看主备角色及切换状态:
SQL> select database_role,switchover_status from v$database;
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