让gcc支持成员函数模板的trick

让gcc支持成员函数模板的trick

罗朝辉 (http://www.cnblogs.com/kesalin/)

本文遵循“署名-非商业用途-保持一致”创作公用协议
 
gcc 4.7.3 不支持成员函数模板特化。如下代码:
 
#ifndef __MEMFUNTEMPLATE_H__
#define __MEMFUNTEMPLATE_H__ #include <stdio.h> class Base {};
class Derived : public Base {}; struct Functor {
template <typename T> void function() {
printf(" Primary template....\n");
} template<>
void function<int>(){
printf(" Specialization for int....\n");
} template<> void function<Base *>() {
printf(" Specialization for Base *....\n");
}
}; class Tester {
public:
static void DoTest()
{
Functor functor;
functor.function<char>();
functor.function<int>();
functor.function<Base *>();
functor.function<Derived *>();
}
}; #endif // __MEMFUNTEMPLATE_H__

在 VS2010 中编译运行是没有问题的,但在 gcc 4.7.3下,编译都通不过:

../src/MemFunTemplate.h:21:14: error: explicit specialization in non-namespace scope ‘struct Functor’
../src/MemFunTemplate.h:22:24: error: template-id ‘function<int>’ in declaration of primary template
../src/MemFunTemplate.h:26:14: error: explicit specialization in non-namespace scope ‘struct Functor’
../src/MemFunTemplate.h:26:38: error: template-id ‘function<Base*>’ in declaration of primary template
../src/MemFunTemplate.h:26:21: error: ‘void Functor::function()’ cannot be overloaded
../src/MemFunTemplate.h:22:10: error: with ‘void Functor::function()’
../src/MemFunTemplate.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
../src/MemFunTemplate.cpp:17:2: error: ‘DoTest’ is not a member of ‘Functor’

为了达到近似成员函数模板特化的效果,可以利用成员函数主模板以及重载函数来实现:

/*
* MemFunTemplate.h
*
* Created on: Jul 12, 2013
* Author: http://blog.csdn.net/kesalin/
*/ #ifndef MEMFUNTEMPLATE_H_
#define MEMFUNTEMPLATE_H_ #include <stdio.h> template<typename T>
struct DummyIdentity {
typedef T type;
}; class Base {};
class Derived : public Base {}; struct Functor {
template <typename T> void function() {
function(DummyIdentity<T>());
} private: template <typename T>
void function(DummyIdentity<T>) {
printf(" Primary template DummyIdentity<T>....\n");
} void function(DummyIdentity<int>) {
printf(" overload function for DummyIdentity<int>....\n");
} void function(DummyIdentity<Base *>) {
printf(" overload function for DummyIdentity<Base *>....\n");
}
}; class Tester {
public:
static void DoTest()
{
Functor functor;
functor.function<char>();
functor.function<int>();
functor.function<Base *>();
functor.function<Derived *>();
}
}; #endif /* MEMFUNTEMPLATE_H_ */

调用 DoTest() 运行结果如下:

 Primary template DummyIdentity<T>....
overload function for DummyIdentity<int>....
overload function for DummyIdentity<Base *>....
Primary template DummyIdentity<T>....

注意:

VS2010 版本的代码,模板形参为 T,在实例化不会进行隐式类型转换。即用 Derived * 当作实参调用的是主模板,而不是 Base * 特化版本

而在 gcc  下,模板形参虽然也为T,但影响重载决议的 function 参数为:DummyIdentity<T>,用不同的实际参数实例化该模板,得到的是一堆重载函数。因此用 Derived * 当作实参时,调用的函数自然就是实例化的 void function(DummyIdentity<T>)了。

 
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