由于通过官方路径安装docker时总是连接不上，所以从网上找了半天，通过阿里云镜像安装docker，我的Linux是ubuntu-16.04
一、配置源里的阿里云镜像仓库
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
添加以下仓库
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
添加完后执行
sudo apt update
更新源
二、安装装一些必要工具
sudo apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
三、安装docker
1.安装gpe证书
curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
2.写入软件源
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
3.更新源
sudo apt-get -y update
4 安装docker
4.1安装最新的docker
sudo apt-get install docker-ce
4.2安装指定版本docker
（1）查看docker版本
apt-cache madison docker-ce
docker-ce | 18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 18.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 18.03.0~ce-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 17.12.1~ce-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 17.12.0~ce-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 17.09.1~ce-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 17.09.0~ce-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 17.06.2~ce-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 17.06.1~ce-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 17.06.0~ce-0~ubuntu | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 17.03.2~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 17.03.0~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
版本号是第一个竖线和第二个竖线之间的 ： 18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu
（2）安装制定版本docker
sudo apt-get install docker-ce=18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu
5.安装校验
sudo docker version
完毕