1.在终端启动hiveserver2
#hiveserver2
2.使用beeline连接hive
另外打开一个终端，输入如下命令（xavierdb必须是已经存在的数据库）
#beeline -u jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/xavierdb -n hive -p hive
3.添加maven依赖
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.hadoop.hive/hive-jdbc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hive</groupId>
<artifactId>hive-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>1.1.0</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.9</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
<artifactId>hadoop-common</artifactId>
<version>2.6.0</version>
</dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.hadoop/hadoop-client -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
<artifactId>hadoop-client</artifactId>
<version>2.6.0</version>
</dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.hive/hive-metastore -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hive</groupId>
<artifactId>hive-metastore</artifactId>
<version>1.1.0</version>
</dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.hive/hive-metastore -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hive</groupId>
<artifactId>hive-exec</artifactId>
<version>1.1.0</version>
</dependency>
maven依赖
出现过的错误： Error: Could not open client transport with JDBC Uri: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/default
解决办法：检查发现运行beeline时Driver版本Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.1.0-cdh5.16.1)比maven依赖中的Driver版本低，将maven版本调至1.1.0问题解决
Java API测试：
注意：这里的url必须是beeline值中使用的url
package TestOption; import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before; import java.sql.*; /**
* @Author:Xavier
* @Data:2019-02-18 11:43
**/ public class HiveOption { private static String driverName = "org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveDriver";
private static String url = "jdbc:hive2://yourhost:10000/yourdatabase"; private static Connection con = null;
private static Statement state = null;
private static ResultSet res = null; //加载驱动,创建连接
@Before
public void init() throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
Class.forName(driverName);
con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "hive", "hive");
state = con.createStatement();
} //创建数据库
@Test
public void CreateDb() throws SQLException { state.execute("create database xavierdb1"); } // 查询所有数据库
@Test
public void showtDb() throws SQLException {
res = state.executeQuery("show databases");
while (res.next()) {
System.out.println(res.getString(1));
}
} // 删除数据库
@Test
public void dropDb() throws SQLException {
state.execute("drop database if exists xavierdb1");
} /*
*
*
* 内部表基本操作
*
*
* */ // 创建表
@Test
public void createTab() throws SQLException { state.execute("create table if not exists student ( " +
"name string , " +
"age int , " +
"agent string ," +
"adress struct<street:STRING,city:STRING>) " +
"row format delimited " +
"fields terminated by ',' " +//字段与字段之间的分隔符
"collection items terminated by ':'" +//一个字段各个item的分隔符
"lines terminated by '\n' ");//行分隔符
} // 查询所有表
@Test
public void showTab() throws SQLException {
res = state.executeQuery("show tables");
while (res.next()) {
System.out.println(res.getString(1));
}
} // 查看表结构
@Test
public void descTab() throws SQLException {
res = state.executeQuery("desc emp");
while (res.next()) {
System.out.println(res.getString(1) + "\t" + res.getString(2));
}
} // 加载数据
@Test
public void loadData() throws SQLException {
String infile = " '/root/studentData' ";
state.execute("load data local inpath " + infile + "overwrite into table student");
} // 查询数据
@Test
public void selectTab() throws SQLException {
res = state.executeQuery("select * from student1");
while (res.next()) {
System.out.println(
res.getString(1) + "-" +
res.getString(2) + "-" +
res.getString(3) + "-" +
res.getString(4));
}
} // 统计查询（会运行mapreduce作业，资源开销较大）
@Test
public void countData() throws SQLException {
res = state.executeQuery("select count(1) from student");
while (res.next()) {
System.out.println(res.getInt(1));
}
} // 删除表
@Test
public void dropTab() throws SQLException {
state.execute("drop table emp");
} /*
* 外部表基本操作
*
*外部表删除后，hdfs文件系统上的数据还在，
*重新创建同路径外部表后，其数据仍然存在
*
* */ //创建外部表
@Test
public void createExTab() throws SQLException { state.execute("create external table if not exists student1 ( " +
"name string , " +
"age int , " +
"agent string ," +
"adress struct<street:STRING,city:STRING>) " +
"row format delimited " +
"fields terminated by ',' " +
"collection items terminated by ':'" +
"lines terminated by '\n' " +
"stored as textfile " +
"location '/testData/hive/student1' ");//不指定路径时默认使用hive.metastore.warehouse.dir指定的路径
} //从一张已经存在的表上复制其表结构，并不会复制其数据
//
//创建表，携带数据
//create table student1 as select * from student
//创建表，携带表结构
//create table student1 like student
//
@Test
public void copyExTab() throws SQLException {
state.execute("create external table if not exists student2 " +
"like xavierdb.student " +
"location '/testData/hive/student1'");
} /*
* 分区表
*
* 必须在表定义时创建partition
*
*
* */ //静态分区 //创建分区格式表
@Test
public void creatPartab() throws SQLException {
state.execute("create table if not exists emp (" +
"name string ," +
"salary int ," +
"subordinate array<string> ," +
"deductions map<string,float> ," +
"address struct<street:string,city:string>) " +
"partitioned by (city string,street string) " +
"row format delimited " +
"fields terminated by '\t' " +
"collection items terminated by ',' " +
"map keys terminated by ':' " +
"lines terminated by '\n' " +
"stored as textfile");
} //添加分区表
@Test
public void addPartition() throws SQLException {
state.execute("alter table emp add partition(city='shanghai',street='jinkelu') ");
} //查看分区表信息
@Test
public void showPartition() throws SQLException {
// res=state.executeQuery("select * from emp");
res = state.executeQuery("show partitions emp");
while (res.next()) {
System.out.println(res.getString(1));
}
} //插入数据
@Test
public void loadParData() throws SQLException {
String filepath = " '/root/emp' ";
state.execute("load data local inpath " + filepath + " overwrite into table emp partition (city='shanghai',street='jinkelu')");
} //删除分区表
@Test
public void dropPartition() throws SQLException {
state.execute("alter table employees drop partition (city='shanghai',street='jinkelu') ");
/*
*
* 1，把一个分区打包成一个har包
alter table emp archive partition (city='shanghai',street='jinkelu')
2, 把一个分区har包还原成原来的分区
` alter table emp unarchive partition (city='shanghai',street='jinkelu')
3, 保护分区防止被删除
alter table emp partition (city='shanghai',street='jinkelu') enable no_drop
4,保护分区防止被查询
alter table emp partition (city='shanghai',street='jinkelu') enable offline
5，允许分区删除和查询
alter table emp partition (city='shanghai',street='jinkelu') disable no_drop
alter table emp partition (city='shanghai',street='jinkelu') disable offline
* */
}
//外部表同样可以使用分区 //动态分区
//
//当需要一次插入多个分区的数据时，可以使用动态分区，根据查询得到的数据动态分配到分区里。
// 动态分区与静态分区的区别就是不指定分区目录，由hive根据实际的数据选择插入到哪一个分区。
//
//set hive.exec.dynamic.partition=true; 启动动态分区功能
//set hive.exec.dynamic.partition.mode=nonstrict 分区模式，默认nostrict
//set hive.exec.max.dynamic.partitions=1000 最大动态分区数,默认1000 //创建分区格式表
@Test
public void creatPartab1() throws SQLException {
state.execute("create table if not exists emp1 (" +
"name string ," +
"salary int ," +
"subordinate array<string> ," +
"deductions map<string,float> ," +
"address struct<street:string,city:string>) " +
"partitioned by (city string,street string) " +
"row format delimited " +
"fields terminated by '\t' " +
"collection items terminated by ',' " +
"map keys terminated by ':' " +
"lines terminated by '\n' " +
"stored as textfile");
} //靠查询到的数据来分区
@Test
public void loadPartitionData() throws SQLException {
state.execute("insert overwrite table emp1 partition (city='shanghai',street) " +
"select name,salary,subordinate,deductions,address,address.street from emp");
} // 释放资源
@After
public void destory() throws SQLException {
if (res != null) state.close();
if (state != null) state.close();
if (con != null) con.close();
}
}
***连接HiveServer2修改hive配置的方法***
1）、直接在URL中添加
...
url = "jdbc:hive2://yourhost:10000/yourdatabase?mapreduce.job.queuename=root.hive-server2;hive.execution.enginer=spark";
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "hive", "hive");
...
多个conf配置之间使用" ; " 分割开；conf配置内容和url 变量内容使用" # "分割开
2）、使用state.execute 直接执行set 操作
...
state.execute("set hive.execution.engine=spark");
...
3 ）、通过连接属性设置
Class.forName("org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveDriver");
Properties propertie = new Properties();
propertie.setProperty("user", "hive");
propertie.setProperty("password", "hive");
// 这里传递了一个队列的hive_conf
propertie.setProperty("hive.execution.engine", "spark");
String url="jdbc:hive2://yourhost:10000/yourdatabase";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, propertie);
HiveStatement stat = (HiveStatement) conn.createStatement();