为何要编译
#编译安装可以选择定制化的环境，用yum和rpm是无法实现定制化的安装的
#编译安装的步骤：
1 下载源码包解压
2 进入解压的目录，./configure 传递参数，启用特性。指定安装的目录，如果不指定就是默认在/usr/local,生成makefile文件
Makefile
make 根据Makefile文件构建缓存（make要提前安装）
makefile 复制文件到相应的路径
编译安装最新版本的tree
1.安装 gcc
2 [root11:02 AMcentos7 ]#tar xf tree-1.8.0.tgz 解压
3. [root11:02 AMcentos7 ]#cd tree-1.8.0
4. [root11:03 AMcentos7 ]#sed -i 's#v1\.8\.0#v8.8.8#' tree.c
5.vim Makefile
prefix = /apps/tree #该目录在make以后会自动生成，自定义的目录
CC=gcc
VERSION=1.8.0
TREE_DEST=tree
BINDIR=${prefix}/bin #应用变量，以后tree文件就放在/apps/tree/bin 下面了
MAN=tree.1
MANDIR=${prefix}/man/man1
OBJS=tree.o unix.o html.o xml.o json.o hash.o color.o file.o
6 [root11:17 AMcentos7 ]#make
[root11:17 AMcentos7 ]#make install
7 发现了个不同的版本tree
[root11:18 AMcentos7 ]#cd /apps/tree/bin/
[root11:18 AMcentos7 ]#./tree --version
tree v8.8.8 (c) 1996 - 2018 by Steve Baker, Thomas Moore, Francesc Rocher, Florian Sesser, Kyosuke Tokoro
[root11:18 AMcentos7 ]#tree --version
tree v1.6.0 (c) 1996 - 2011 by Steve Baker, Thomas Moore, Francesc Rocher, Kyosuke Tokoro
方法一： 修改环境变量，提高优先级，使用新版tree
[root11:18 AMcentos7 ]#echo 'PATH=/apps/tree/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/tree.sh
[root11:21 AMcentos7 ]#. /etc/profile.d/tree.sh
#老版本的tree的路径
[root11:21 AMcentos7 ]#whereis tree
tree: /usr/bin/tree /apps/tree/bin/tree /usr/share/man/man1/tree.1.gz
[root11:22 AMcentos7 ]#echo $PATH 优先级提到第一了
/apps/tree/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
[root11:21 AMcentos7 ]#tree --version
tree v8.8.8 (c) 1996 - 2018 by Steve Baker, Thomas Moore, Francesc Rocher, Florian Sesser, Kyosuke Tokoro
方法二 添加软链接，提高优先级
rm -rf /etc/profile.d/tree.sh
[root11:30 AMcentos7 ]#tree --version
tree v1.6.0 (c) 1996 - 2011 by Steve Baker, Thomas Moore, Francesc Rocher, Kyosuke Tokoro
#给源文件指一条软链接
[root11:31 AMcentos7 ]#ln -s /apps/tree/bin/tree /usr/local/bin
[root11:33 AMcentos7 ]#ll /usr/local/bin/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Apr 30 11:33 tree -> /apps/tree/bin/tree
[root11:33 AMcentos7 ]#cd /usr/local/bin/
[root11:34 AMcentos7 ]#ls
tree
#没有成功。依然缓存的就路径
[root11:34 AMcentos7 ]#tree --version
tree v1.6.0 (c) 1996 - 2011 by Steve Baker, Thomas Moore, Francesc Rocher, Kyosuke Tokoro
[root11:36 AMcentos7 ]#hash
hits command
1 /usr/bin/ln
2 /usr/bin/ls
4 /usr/bin/tree #缓存里面保存的是就路径
[root11:39 AMcentos7 ]#hash -d tree #清除一条缓存
[root11:39 AMcentos7 ]#hash
hits command
1 /usr/bin/ln
2 /usr/bin/ls
[root11:39 AMcentos7 ]#tree --version
tree v8.8.8 (c) 1996 - 2018 by Steve Baker, Thomas Moore, Francesc Rocher, Florian Sesser, Kyosuke Tokoro
#删除旧的tree
[root11:41 AMcentos7 ]#yum -y remove tree
[root11:42 AMcentos7 ]#man tree
No manual entry for tree
[root11:42 AMcentos7 ]#whereis tree
tree: /usr/local/bin/tree 没有列出man的帮助文件，默认是找不到man帮助文件的
[root11:44 AMcentos7 ]#whereis bash
bash: /usr/bin/bash /usr/share/man/man1/bash.1.gz
#修改man 帮助
[root11:44 AMcentos7 ]#tree /apps/tree/
/apps/tree/
├── bin
│ └── tree
└── man
└── man1
└── tree.1
3 directories, 2 files
#文件里面增加增加新的一行
[root11:45 AMcentos7 ]#vim /etc/man_db.conf
MANDATORY_MANPATH /apps/tree/man
centos8安装cmatrix
1.安装包 yum install ncurses-devel -y
2.下载安装包，解压缩，进入目录
./configure --prefix=/apps/cmatrix
[root04:40 PMcentos8 /usr/local/src/cmatrix]#make -j 2
make all-am
make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/local/src/cmatrix'
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -g -O2 -MT cmatrix.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/cmatrix.Tpo -c -o cmatrix.o cmatrix.c
cmatrix.c:43:10: fatal error: curses.h: No such file or directory
#include <curses.h>
^~~~~~~~~~
报错的解决方法：
[root04:47 PMcentos8 /usr/local/src/cmatrix]#yum search curses （搜索一下）
[root04:48 PMcentos8 /usr/local/src/cmatrix]#yum install ncurses-devel -y 安装开发包
#创建软链接（因为就只有一个文件，就直接写条软链接就好）
[root04:53 PMcentos8 /usr/local/src/cmatrix]#ln -sv /apps/cmatrix/bin/cmatrix /usr/local/bin/
'/usr/local/bin/cmatrix' -> '/apps/cmatrix/bin/cmatrix'
#修改man帮助
[root04:52 PMcentos8 /usr/local/src/cmatrix]#tree /apps/cmatrix/
/apps/cmatrix/
├── bin
│ └── cmatrix
└── share
└── man
└── man1
└── cmatrix.1
[root05:00 PMcentos8 /usr/local/src/cmatrix]#vim /etc/man_db.conf （#添加一行）
MANDATORY_MANPATH /apps/cmatrix/share/man/
# 编译安装的拷贝到别的机器上，直接使用，在一台机器上弄好了直接拷贝别的机器上
#跨版本会产生问题
[root05:28 PMcentos8 /apps/cmatrix]#scp -r /apps/ 10.0.0.81:/
root01:24 PMcentos8 ~]#ln -sv /apps/cmatrix/bin/cmatrix /usr/local/bin/
'/usr/local/bin/cmatrix' -> '/apps/cmatrix/bin/cmatrix'
[root05:37 PMcentos8 ~]#cmatrix
编译安装httpd-2.4.46
[root06:14 PMcentos8 ~/httpd-2.4.46]#yum install gcc apr-devel apr-util-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel redhat-rpm-config -y
[root06:11 PMcentos8 ~/httpd-2.4.46]#./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-ssl
Server Version: 2.4.46
Install prefix: /apps/httpd
C compiler: gcc
CFLAGS: -pthread
CPPFLAGS: -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE
LDFLAGS:
LIBS:
C preprocessor: gcc -E
[root06:17 PMcentos8 ~/httpd-2.4.46]#make
[root06:17 PMcentos8 ~/httpd-2.4.46]#make install
#进入页面开启httpd服务
[root06:22 PMcentos8 /apps/httpd/bin]#pwd
/apps/httpd/bin
[root06:22 PMcentos8 /apps/httpd/bin]#ls
ab apxs dbmmanage envvars-std htcacheclean htdigest httpd logresolve
apachectl checkgid envvars fcgistarter htdbm htpasswd httxt2dbm rotatelogs
[root06:22 PMcentos8 /apps/httpd/bin]#./apachectl start
[root06:38 PMcentos8 /apps/httpd/bin]#useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /var/www/ -c APACHE -u 49 apache
-r 系统用户
-s 指定shell
-d家目录
-c 描述
-u UID
[root06:44 PMcentos8 /apps/httpd/bin]#getent passwd apache
apache:x:49:49:APACHE:/var/www/:/sbin/nologin
用他来作为服务的启动账号
#进入到编译安装的指定的路径修改配置文件
[root06:47 PMcentos8 /apps/httpd/bin]#cd /etc/httpd/
[root06:47 PMcentos8 /etc/httpd]#ls
conf.modules.d extra httpd.conf magic mime.types original
[root06:48 PMcentos8 /etc/httpd]#vim httpd.conf #配置账户的信息
User apache
Group apache #修改属主和属组
[root06:52 PMcentos8 /apps/httpd/bin]#echo 'PATH=/apps/httpd/bin:$PATH' >/etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root06:54 PMcentos8 /apps/httpd/bin]#. /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root06:54 PMcentos8 /apps/httpd/bin]#apachectl -h
[root06:56 PMcentos8 /apps/httpd/bin]#apachectl restart
[root06:56 PMcentos8 /apps/httpd/bin]#man apachectl
[root06:57 PMcentos8 ~]#apachectl stop
[root06:57 PMcentos8 ~]#apachectl start
[root06:58 PMcentos8 ~]#ps aux |tail -5
apache 27836 0.0 0.7 878308 7748 ? Sl 18:57 0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
apache 27837 0.0 0.7 878308 7748 ? Sl 18:57 0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
apache 27838 0.0 0.7 878308 7748 ? Sl 18:57 0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
root 27922 0.0 0.4 57816 3976 pts/0 R+ 18:58 0:00 ps aux
root 27923 0.0 0.0 204 4 pts/0 R+ 18:58 0:00 [tail]
#编译安装的所在目录可以直接拷贝到别的机器上使用