LeetCode(84) Largest Rectangle in Histogram

题目

Given n non-negative integers representing the histogram’s bar height where the width of each bar is 1, find the area of largest rectangle in the histogram.

LeetCode(84) Largest Rectangle in Histogram
Above is a histogram where width of each bar is 1, given height = [2,1,5,6,2,3].

LeetCode(84) Largest Rectangle in Histogram
The largest rectangle is shown in the shaded area, which has area = 10 unit.

For example,
Given height = [2,1,5,6,2,3],
return 10.

分析

如木桶理论,题目给定一组矩形柱高度序列,求出其构成的直方图最大面积;

方法一:
依次遍历每个坐标位置,从该柱形左右延展,当高度降低时停止延展,求出其组成的矩形面积,实时更新最大面积;

但是大数据集会超时;

方法二:
查看资料看到一个经典的栈解决方法参考网址~~

给出详细解析:

1、如果已知height数组是升序的,应该怎么做?

比如1,2,5,7,8

那么就是(1*5) vs. (2*4) vs. (5*3) vs. (7*2) vs. (8*1)

也就是max(height[i]*(size-i))

2、使用栈的目的就是构造这样的升序序列,按照以上方法求解。

但是height本身不一定是升序的,应该怎样构建栈?

比如2,1,5,6,2,3

(1)2进栈。s={2}, result = 0

(2)1比2小,不满足升序条件,因此将2弹出,并记录当前结果为2*1=2。

将2替换为1重新进栈。s={1,1}, result = 2

(3)5比1大,满足升序条件,进栈。s={1,1,5},result = 2

(4)6比5大,满足升序条件,进栈。s={1,1,5,6},result = 2

(5)2比6小,不满足升序条件,因此将6弹出,并记录当前结果为6*1=6。s={1,1,5},result = 6

2比5小,不满足升序条件,因此将5弹出,并记录当前结果为5*2=10(因为已经弹出的5,6是升序的)。s={1,1},result = 10

2比1大,将弹出的5,6替换为2重新进栈。s={1,1,2,2,2},result = 10

(6)3比2大,满足升序条件,进栈。s={1,1,2,2,2,3},result = 10

栈构建完成,满足升序条件,因此按照升序处理办法得到上述的max(height[i]*(size-i))=max{3*1, 2*2, 2*3, 2*4, 1*5, 1*6}=8<10

综上所述,result=10

AC代码

 class Solution {
public:
/*方法一:每个坐标点左右延伸(当高度降低停止延伸)构造矩形,但是大集合TLE*/
int largestRectangleArea1(vector<int> &height) {
if (height.empty())
return ;
int maxArea = ;
int len = height.size();
for (int i = ; i < len; ++i)
{
/*记录包含第i个柱体的矩形面积*/
int tmpArea = height[i];
int left = i - , right = i + ;
/*左侧扩展*/
while (left >= && height[left] >= height[i])
{
tmpArea += height[i];
--left;
}//while
/*右侧扩展*/
while (right < len && height[right] >= height[i])
{
tmpArea += height[i];
++right;
}//while if (maxArea < tmpArea)
maxArea = tmpArea;
}//for return maxArea;
}
/*方法二:利用栈*/
int largestRectangleArea(vector<int> &height) {
if (height.empty())
return ;
stack<int> stk;
int len = height.size();
int maxArea = ;
for (int i = ; i < len; i++)
{
if (stk.empty() || stk.top() <= height[i])
stk.push(height[i]);
else
{
int count = ;
while (!stk.empty() && stk.top() > height[i])
{
count++;
maxArea = max(maxArea, stk.top()*count);
stk.pop();
}
while (count--)
stk.push(height[i]);
stk.push(height[i]);
}//else
}//for
int count = ;
while (!stk.empty())
{
maxArea = max(maxArea, stk.top()*count);
stk.pop();
count++;
}//while
return maxArea;
}
};

GitHub测试程序源码

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