Anchors
Mask 生成锚框本质与SSD一样
中心点个数等于特征层像素数
框体生成围绕中心点
Bbox的坐标是要归一化到0~1之间的，都是相对于输入图片的大小。
基本生成方式：
H乘np.sqrt(anchor_ratio)
W乘np.sqrt(anchor_ratio)
这样，H:W = ratio
Mask rcnn
self.config.BACKBONE_STRIDES = [4, 8, 16, 32, 64]
# 特征层的下采样倍数，中心点计算使用
self.config.RPN_ANCHOR_RATIOS = [0.5, 1, 2] # 特征层锚框生成参数
self.config.RPN_ANCHOR_SCALES = [32, 64, 128, 256, 512] # 特征层锚框感
anchor生成：
锚框生成入口函数位于model.py中的get_anchor函数，需要参数image_shape，保证含有[h, w]即可，也可以包含[h, w, c]，
def get_anchors(self, image_shape):
"""Returns anchor pyramid for the given image size."""
# [N, (height, width)]
backbone_shapes = compute_backbone_shapes(self.config, image_shape)
# Cache anchors and reuse if image shape is the same
if not hasattr(self, "_anchor_cache"):
self._anchor_cache = {}
if not tuple(image_shape) in self._anchor_cache:
# Generate Anchors: [anchor_count, (y1, x1, y2, x2)]
a = utils.generate_pyramid_anchors(
self.config.RPN_ANCHOR_SCALES, # (32, 64, 128, 256, 512)
self.config.RPN_ANCHOR_RATIOS, # [0.5, 1, 2]
backbone_shapes, # with shape [N, (height, width)]
self.config.BACKBONE_STRIDES, # [4, 8, 16, 32, 64]
self.config.RPN_ANCHOR_STRIDE) #
# Keep a copy of the latest anchors in pixel coordinates because
# it's used in inspect_model notebooks.
# TODO: Remove this after the notebook are refactored to not use it
self.anchors = a
# Normalize coordinates
self._anchor_cache[tuple(image_shape)] = utils.norm_boxes(a, image_shape[:2])
return self._anchor_cache[tuple(image_shape)]
调用函数compute_backbone_shapes计算各个特征层shape：
def compute_backbone_shapes(config, image_shape):
"""Computes the width and height of each stage of the backbone network. Returns:
[N, (height, width)]. Where N is the number of stages
"""
if callable(config.BACKBONE):
return config.COMPUTE_BACKBONE_SHAPE(image_shape) # Currently supports ResNet only
assert config.BACKBONE in ["resnet50", "resnet101"]
return np.array(
[[int(math.ceil(image_shape[0] / stride)),
int(math.ceil(image_shape[1] / stride))]
for stride in config.BACKBONE_STRIDES]) # [4, 8, 16, 32, 64]
调用函数utils.generate_pyramid_anchors生成全部锚框：
def generate_pyramid_anchors(scales, ratios, feature_shapes, feature_strides,
anchor_stride):
"""Generate anchors at different levels of a feature pyramid. Each scale
is associated with a level of the pyramid, but each ratio is used in
all levels of the pyramid. Returns:
anchors: [N, (y1, x1, y2, x2)]. All generated anchors in one array. Sorted
with the same order of the given scales. So, anchors of scale[0] come
first, then anchors of scale[1], and so on.
"""
# Anchors
# [anchor_count, (y1, x1, y2, x2)]
anchors = []
for i in range(len(scales)):
anchors.append(generate_anchors(scales[i],
ratios,
feature_shapes[i],
feature_strides[i],
anchor_stride))
# [anchor_count, (y1, x1, y2, x2)]
return np.concatenate(anchors, axis=0)
utils.generate_pyramid_anchors会调用utils.generate_anchors来生成每一层的锚框（介绍见『Numpy』np.meshgrid）：
def generate_anchors(scales, ratios, shape, feature_stride, anchor_stride):
"""
scales: 1D array of anchor sizes in pixels. Example: [32, 64, 128]
ratios: 1D array of anchor ratios of width/height. Example: [0.5, 1, 2]
shape: [height, width] spatial shape of the feature map over which
to generate anchors.
feature_stride: Stride of the feature map relative to the image in pixels.
anchor_stride: Stride of anchors on the feature map. For example, if the
value is 2 then generate anchors for every other feature map pixel.
"""
# Get all combinations of scales and ratios
scales, ratios = np.meshgrid(np.array(scales), np.array(ratios))
scales = scales.flatten()
ratios = ratios.flatten() # Enumerate heights and widths from scales and ratios
heights = scales / np.sqrt(ratios)
widths = scales * np.sqrt(ratios) # Enumerate shifts in feature space
shifts_y = np.arange(0, shape[0], anchor_stride) * feature_stride
shifts_x = np.arange(0, shape[1], anchor_stride) * feature_stride
shifts_x, shifts_y = np.meshgrid(shifts_x, shifts_y) # Enumerate combinations of shifts, widths, and heights
box_widths, box_centers_x = np.meshgrid(widths, shifts_x) # (n, 3) (n, 3)
box_heights, box_centers_y = np.meshgrid(heights, shifts_y) # (n, 3) (n, 3) # Reshape to get a list of (y, x) and a list of (h, w)
# (n, 3, 2) -> (3n, 2)
box_centers = np.stack([box_centers_y, box_centers_x], axis=2).reshape([-1, 2])
#box_centers_y, box_centers_x都是坐标矩阵，要想恢复各个点的坐标，调用np.stack函数，指定axis
box_sizes = np.stack([box_heights, box_widths], axis=2).reshape([-1, 2]) # Convert to corner coordinates (y1, x1, y2, x2) boxes = np.concatenate([box_centers - 0.5 * box_sizes, box_centers + 0.5 * box_sizes], axis=1) # 框体信息是相对于原图的, [N, (y1, x1, y2, x2)] return boxes
boxes的长宽：
self.config.RPN_ANCHOR_RATIOS = [0.5, 1, 2] # 特征层锚框生成参数
self.config.RPN_ANCHOR_SCALES = [32, 64, 128, 256, 512] # 特征层锚框感
最小的框：
heights: 32/sqrt(0.5) = 45.25 width: 32 * sqrt(0.5) = 22.62
height: 32/sqrt(1) = 32 width:32* sqrt(1) = 32
最大的框：
heights: 512/sqrt(2) = 362 widths: 512*sqrt(2) = 724
最后回到get_anchor，调用utils.norm_boxes将锚框坐标化为01之间：
def norm_boxes(boxes, shape):
"""Converts boxes from pixel coordinates to normalized coordinates.
boxes: [N, (y1, x1, y2, x2)] in pixel coordinates
shape: [..., (height, width)] in pixels Note: In pixel coordinates (y2, x2) is outside the box. But in normalized
coordinates it's inside the box. Returns:
[N, (y1, x1, y2, x2)] in normalized coordinates
"""
h, w = shape
scale = np.array([h - 1, w - 1, h - 1, w - 1])
shift = np.array([0, 0, 1, 1])
return np.divide((boxes - shift), scale).astype(np.float32)
抄自：https://www.cnblogs.com/hellcat/p/9854736.html