前言:
在日常项目开发中,随着项目需求不断的累加、不断的迭代;项目服务接口需要向下兼容历史版本;前些时候就因为Api接口为做版本管理导致接口对低版本兼容处理不友好。
最近就像了解下如何实现WebApi版本控制,那么版本控制有什么好处呢?
WebApi版本控制的好处
- 有助于及时推出功能, 而不会破坏现有系统,兼容性处理更友好。
- 它还可以帮助为选定的客户提供额外的功能。
接下来就来实现版本控制以及在Swagger UI中接入WebApi版本
一、WebApi版本控制实现
通过Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning 实现webapi 版本控制
- 创建WebApi项目,添加Nuget包:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning
Install-Package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning
- 修改项目Startup文件,使用Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning
public class Startup { public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) { Configuration = configuration; } public IConfiguration Configuration { get; } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container. public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { //根据需要设置,以下内容 services.AddApiVersioning(apiOtions => { //返回响应标头中支持的版本信息 apiOtions.ReportApiVersions = true; //此选项将用于不提供版本的请求。默认情况下, 假定的 API 版本为1.0 apiOtions.AssumeDefaultVersionWhenUnspecified = true; //缺省api版本号,支持时间或数字版本号 apiOtions.DefaultApiVersion = new ApiVersion(1, 0); //支持MediaType、Header、QueryString 设置版本号;缺省为QueryString、UrlSegment设置版本号;后面会详细说明对于作用 apiOtions.ApiVersionReader = ApiVersionReader.Combine( new MediaTypeApiVersionReader("api-version"), new HeaderApiVersionReader("api-version"), new QueryStringApiVersionReader("api-version"), new UrlSegmentApiVersionReader()); }); services.AddControllers(); } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline. public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env) { if (env.IsDevelopment()) { app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage(); } app.UseHttpsRedirection(); //使用ApiVersioning app.UseApiVersioning();
app.UseRouting(); app.UseAuthorization(); app.UseEndpoints(endpoints => { endpoints.MapControllers(); }); } }
- WebApi设置版本:
a)通过ApiVersion标记指定指定控制器或方法的版本号;Url参数控制版本(QueryStringApiVersionReader),如下:
namespace WebAPIVersionDemo.Controllers { [ApiController] [Route("[controller]")] //Deprecated=true:表示v1即将弃用,响应头中返回 [ApiVersion("1.0", Deprecated = true)] [ApiVersion("2.0")]public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase { private static readonly string[] Summaries = new[]{"Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"}; [HttpGet] public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> Get() { var rng = new Random(); return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast { Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(index), TemperatureC = rng.Next(-20, 55), Summary = $"v1:{Summaries[rng.Next(Summaries.Length)]}" }) .ToArray(); } } }
通过参数api-version参数指定版本号;调用结果:
b)通过Url Path Segment控制版本号(UrlSegmentApiVersionReader):为控制器添加路由方式如下,apiVersion为固定格式
[Route("/api/v{version:apiVersion}/[controller]")]
调用方式:通过调用路径传入版本号,如:http://localhost:5000/api/v1/weatherforecast
c)通过Header头控制版本号:在Startup中设置(HeaderApiVersionReader、MediaTypeApiVersionReader)
apiOtions.ApiVersionReader = ApiVersionReader.Combine( new MediaTypeApiVersionReader("api-version"), new HeaderApiVersionReader("api-version"));
调用方式,在请求头或中MediaType中传递api版本,如下:
- 其他说明:
a)ReportApiVersions设置为true时, 返回当前支持版本号(api-supported-versions);Deprecated 参数设置为true表示已弃用,在响应头中也有显示(api-deprecated-versions):
b)MapToApiVersion标记:允许将单个 API 操作映射到任何版本(可以在v1的控制器中添加v3的方法);在上面控制器中添加以下代码,访问v3版本方法
[HttpGet] [MapToApiVersion("3.0")] public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> GetV3() { //获取版本 string v = HttpContext.GetRequestedApiVersion().ToString(); var rng = new Random(); return Enumerable.Range(1, 1).Select(index => new WeatherForecast { Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(index), TemperatureC = rng.Next(-20, 55), Summary = $"v{v}:{Summaries[rng.Next(Summaries.Length)]}" }) .ToArray(); }
c)注意事项:
1、路径中参数版本高于,其他方式设置版本
2、多种方式传递版本,只能采用一种方式传递版本号
3、SwaggerUI中MapToApiVersion设置版本不会单独显示
二、Swagger UI中版本接入
1、添加包:Swashbuckle.AspNetCore、Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning.ApiExplorer
//swaggerui 包 Install-Package Swashbuckle.AspNetCore //api版本 Install-Package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning.ApiExplorer
2、修改Startup代码:
public class Startup { /// <summary> /// Api版本提者信息 /// </summary> private IApiVersionDescriptionProvider provider; // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container. public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.AddControllers(); //根据需要设置,以下内容 services.AddApiVersioning(apiOtions => { //返回响应标头中支持的版本信息 apiOtions.ReportApiVersions = true; //此选项将用于不提供版本的请求。默认情况下, 假定的 API 版本为1.0 apiOtions.AssumeDefaultVersionWhenUnspecified = true; //缺省api版本号,支持时间或数字版本号 apiOtions.DefaultApiVersion = new ApiVersion(1, 0); //支持MediaType、Header、QueryString 设置版本号;缺省为QueryString设置版本号 apiOtions.ApiVersionReader = ApiVersionReader.Combine( new MediaTypeApiVersionReader("api-version"), new HeaderApiVersionReader("api-version"), new QueryStringApiVersionReader("api-version"), new UrlSegmentApiVersionReader()); }); services.AddVersionedApiExplorer(option => { option.GroupNameFormat = "接口:'v'VVV"; option.AssumeDefaultVersionWhenUnspecified = true; }); this.provider = services.BuildServiceProvider().GetRequiredService<IApiVersionDescriptionProvider>(); services.AddSwaggerGen(options => { foreach (var description in provider.ApiVersionDescriptions) { options.SwaggerDoc(description.GroupName, new Microsoft.OpenApi.Models.OpenApiInfo() { Title = $"接口 v{description.ApiVersion}", Version = description.ApiVersion.ToString(), Description = "切换版本请点右上角版本切换" } ); } options.IncludeXmlComments(this.GetType().Assembly.Location.Replace(".dll", ".xml"), true); }); } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline. public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env) { //…… //使用ApiVersioning app.UseApiVersioning(); //启用swaggerui,绑定api版本信息 app.UseSwagger(); app.UseSwaggerUI(c => { foreach (var description in provider.ApiVersionDescriptions) { c.SwaggerEndpoint($"/swagger/{description.GroupName}/swagger.json", description.GroupName.ToUpperInvariant()); } }); //…… } }
3、运行效果:
其他:
示例地址:https://github.com/cwsheng/WebAPIVersionDemo