一、代码示例
1、我们在之前的Person类里新增一个两个属性,分别是客户的兴趣和生日,兴趣爱好有很多,我们使用list进行保存,生日使用日期进行保存
public class Person {
private String name;
public Date birth;
public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
} public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this.birth = birth;
} //兴趣爱好
public List<String> interests; public List<String> getInterests() {
return interests;
} public void setInterests(List<String> interests) {
this.interests = interests;
} public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
} public void sayHello(){
System.out.println("hello "+this.name);
} }
2、在bean里我们注入这两个参数
<bean name="person" class="com.zjl.Person">
<property name="name" value="zhangsan"></property>
<property name="interests" value="足球,篮球"></property>
<property name="birth" value="2015-01-01"></property>
</bean>
3、测试代码,我们打印出zhangsan的兴趣和生日
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
Person person=(Person)context.getBean("person");
System.out.println(person.interests);
System.out.println(person.birth);
}
}
4、运行结果,很不幸,我们收到了一个异常信息,提示不能将字符串转为日期格式
Cannot convert value of type [java.lang.String] to required type [java.util.Date] for property 'birth': no matching editors or conversion strategy found
5、回看第七章源码部分,我们在源码的第10部分有如下代码,从系统获取一个conversionService,并将它放入到beanFactory中去,应该是转化,我们找到conversionService的定义方法:
//查找是否有id为conversionService的bean,如果有,设置进beanFactory
if (beanFactory.containsBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME) &&
beanFactory.isTypeMatch(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class)) {
beanFactory.setConversionService(
beanFactory.getBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class));
}
6、我们试着写一个这样的bean
<bean id="conversionService" class="com.zjl.MyConversionService"></bean>
7、类的构造如下
public class MyConversionService implements ConversionService { @Override
public boolean canConvert(Class<?> sourceType, Class<?> targetType) {
//判断目标类型是否是Date
if(Date.class.isAssignableFrom(targetType)){
return true;
}
System.out.println(targetType);
return false;
} @Override
public boolean canConvert(TypeDescriptor sourceType, TypeDescriptor targetType) { //判断目标类型是否是Date
if(Date.class.isAssignableFrom(targetType.getObjectType())){
return true;
}
// System.out.println(targetType);
return false;
} @Override
public <T> T convert(Object source, Class<T> targetType) {
// System.out.println("convert");
return null;
} @Override
public Object convert(Object source, TypeDescriptor sourceType, TypeDescriptor targetType) {
//如果源类型是string,我们直接将他转化为Date类型
if(String.class.isAssignableFrom(sourceType.getObjectType())){
DateFormat format=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
try {
return format.parse((String) source);
} catch (ParseException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// System.out.println("convert1");
return null;
} }
8、打印结果
[足球,篮球]
Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 CST 2015
到这里,例子基本已经完成了,可是仔细观察,我们会发现其实还有些不完美的地方:
1、我们写入了足球,篮球,作为两个兴趣,可是程序直接将他变成了一个爱好,也就是list.add("足球,篮球"),与我们预想不一致。解决的思路我们可以想象:再注入一个bean,将字符串按照指定字符分割,转为list,
2、由于spirng默认只能读取conversionService,我们成功转化了字符串为日期,如果想完成第一步的转化就出现了问题,我们不妨将多个conversion方法注入到bean-conversionService中,然后他依次调用和选择
二、源码分析
1、我们看下spring中如何使用conversionService和帮我们实现一些预制的转化方法的,将我们自己定义的converter也注入进去
<bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
<property name="converters">
<bean class="com.zjl.MyConverter">
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
2、我们初始化bean的时候,跟踪代码到这里,获取了系统注入的conversionService
ConversionService conversionService = this.propertyEditorRegistry.getConversionService();
if (editor == null && conversionService != null && newValue != null && typeDescriptor != null) {
TypeDescriptor sourceTypeDesc = TypeDescriptor.forObject(newValue);
if (conversionService.canConvert(sourceTypeDesc, typeDescriptor)) {
try {
return (T) conversionService.convert(newValue, sourceTypeDesc, typeDescriptor);
}
catch (ConversionFailedException ex) {
// fallback to default conversion logic below
conversionAttemptEx = ex;
}
}
}
3、到canConvert为在service中获取指定源格式和目标格式的converter,判断是否可以获取
public boolean canConvert(TypeDescriptor sourceType, TypeDescriptor targetType) {
Assert.notNull(targetType, "targetType to convert to cannot be null");
if (sourceType == null) {
return true;
}
GenericConverter converter = getConverter(sourceType, targetType);
return (converter != null);
}
4、在缓存中获取converter,如果没有,到set中获取,保存到缓存中,如果set也没有获取,保存为NO_MATCH
protected GenericConverter getConverter(TypeDescriptor sourceType, TypeDescriptor targetType) {
ConverterCacheKey key = new ConverterCacheKey(sourceType, targetType);
GenericConverter converter = this.converterCache.get(key);
if (converter != null) {
return (converter != NO_MATCH ? converter : null);
} converter = this.converters.find(sourceType, targetType);
if (converter == null) {
converter = getDefaultConverter(sourceType, targetType);
} if (converter != null) {
this.converterCache.put(key, converter);
return converter;
} this.converterCache.put(key, NO_MATCH);
return null;
}
5、找到converter后,调用conversionService.convert(newValue, sourceTypeDesc, typeDescriptor),如果没有converter就直接抛出错误
GenericConverter converter = getConverter(sourceType, targetType);
if (converter != null) {
Object result = ConversionUtils.invokeConverter(converter, source, sourceType, targetType);
return handleResult(sourceType, targetType, result);
}
return handleConverterNotFound(source, sourceType, targetType);
6、调用ConversionUtils.invokeConverter,调用converter的convert的方法
public static Object invokeConverter(GenericConverter converter, Object source, TypeDescriptor sourceType,
TypeDescriptor targetType) {
try {
return converter.convert(source, sourceType, targetType);
}
catch (ConversionFailedException ex) {
throw ex;
}
catch (Exception ex) {
throw new ConversionFailedException(sourceType, targetType, source, ex);
}
}
7、至于convert方法中如何进行转化就全靠我们自己写了
三、总结
对于spring的IOC中注入的参数,虽然都是字符串,但是经过系统提供的接口我们可以将它与bean中字段的各种类型进行适配,适配过程需要定义conversionService,spring提供了默认的实现FactoryBean,他可以以set形式注入自定义的converter,也使用系统默认的转换器。
我们来改造我们之前的转换器,通过源代码可以看到Converter以泛型中的类型作为是否对此次数据转换的选择
public class MyConverter implements Converter<String,Date> { @Override
public Date convert(String source) {
DateFormat format=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
try {
return format.parse((String) source);
} catch (ParseException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
} }