CascadeType.REMOVE 级联删除操作,删除当前实体时,与它有映射关系的实体也会跟着被删除。
CascadeType.MERGE 级联更新(合并)操作,当Student中的数据改变,会相应地更新Course中的数据。
CascadeType.DETACH 级联脱管/游离操作,如果你要删除一个实体,但是它有外键无法删除,你就需要这个级联权限了。它会撤销所有相关的外键关联。
CascadeType.REFRESH 级联刷新操作,假设场景 有一个订单,订单里面关联了许多商品,这个订单可以被很多人操作,那么这个时候A对此订单和关联的商品进行了修改,与此同时,B也进行了相同的操作,但是B先一步比A保存了数据,那么当A保存数据的时候,就需要先刷新订单信息及关联的商品信息后,再将订单及商品保存。
CascadeType.ALL 拥有以上所有级联操作权限。
一(被拥有方)mappedBy,mappedBy = "‘多’的实体类的属性字段",mappedBy 为被拥有方
多(拥有方) @JoinColumn
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一对一
people 用户表(id,name,sex,birthday,address_id)
address 地址表(id,phone,zipcode,addr)
people 表
@Entity
public class People {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "id", nullable = false)
private Long id;//id
@Column(name = "name", nullable = true, length = 20)
private String name;//姓名
@Column(name = "sex", nullable = true, length = 1)
private String sex;//性别
@Column(name = "birthday", nullable = true)
private Timestamp birthday;//出生日期
@OneToOne(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)
//People是关系的维护端,当删除 people,会级联删除 address
@JoinColumn(name = "address_id", referencedColumnName = "id")
//name:关联id,referencedColumnName:地址表id
private Address address;//地址
}
关联的实体的主键一般是用来做外键的。但如果此时不想主键作为外键,则需要设置referencedColumnName属性。
当然这里关联实体(Address)的主键 id 是用来做主键,所以这里第23行的 referencedColumnName = "id" 实际可以省略。
address 表
@Entity
public class Address {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "id", nullable = false)
private Long id;//id
@Column(name = "phone", nullable = true, length = 11)
private String phone;//手机
@Column(name = "zipcode", nullable = true, length = 6)
private String zipcode;//邮政编码
@Column(name = "addr", nullable = true, length = 100)
private String addr;//地址
//如果不需要根据Address级联查询People,可以注释掉,mappedBy = "People实体类中address属性"
// @OneToOne(mappedBy = "address", cascade = {CascadeType.MERGE, CascadeType.REFRESH}, optional = false)
// private People people;
}
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一对多
author 作者表(id,name)
article 文章表(id,title,conten,author_id)
author 表
@Entity
public class Author {
@Id // 主键
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) // 自增长策略
private Long id; //id
@NotEmpty(message = "姓名不能为空")
@Size(min=2, max=20)
@Column(nullable = false, length = 20)
private String name;//姓名
//mappedBy = "Article实体类中author属性"
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "author",cascade=CascadeType.ALL,fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
//级联保存、更新、删除、刷新;延迟加载。当删除用户,会级联删除该用户的所有文章
//拥有mappedBy注解的实体类为关系被维护端
private List<Article> articleList;//文章列表
}
article 表
@Entity
public class Article {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) // 自增长策略
@Column(name = "id", nullable = false)
private Long id;
@NotEmpty(message = "标题不能为空")
@Size(min = 2, max = 50)
@Column(nullable = false, length = 50) // 映射为字段,值不能为空
private String title;
@Lob // 大对象,映射 MySQL 的 Long Text 类型
@Basic(fetch = FetchType.LAZY) // 懒加载
@NotEmpty(message = "内容不能为空")
@Size(min = 2)
@Column(nullable = false) // 映射为字段,值不能为空
private String content;//文章全文内容
//可选属性optional=false,表示author不能为空。删除文章,不影响用户
@ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.MERGE,CascadeType.REFRESH},optional=false)
//author_id关联author的id字段
@JoinColumn(name = "author_id", referencedColumnName = "id")
private Author author;//所属作者
}
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多对多(可以随意指定一方为关系维护端 @JoinColumn)
user 用户表(id,username,password)
user_authority 中间表(user_id,authority_id)
authority 权限表(id,authname)
User.java
@Entity
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
@NotEmpty(message = "账号不能为空")
@Size(min=3, max=20)
@Column(nullable = false, length = 20, unique = true)
private String username; // 用户账号,用户登录时的唯一标识
@NotEmpty(message = "密码不能为空")
@Size(max=100)
@Column(length = 100)
private String password; // 登录时密码
@ManyToMany
@JoinTable(name = "user_authority",joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "user_id"),
inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "authority_id"))
//关系维护端,负责多对多关系的绑定和解除,即实现User.setAuthorityList(authority)
// @JoinTable name:关联表的名字,joinColumns:关联User表的id,inverseJoinColumns:关联Authority表的id
private List<Authority> authorityList;
}
Authority.java
@Entity
public class Authority {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@Column(nullable = false)
private String authname; //权限名
//mappedBy = "User实体类中authorityList属性"
@ManyToMany(mappedBy = "authorityList")
private List<User> userList;
}
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