kvm部署和web界面

2024-03-27 20:08:04

1.kvm部署

系统	ip	主机名
centos7	192.168.59.142	142
centos7	192.168.59.143	143

部署前请确保你的CPU虚拟化功能已开启。分为两种情况：

虚拟机要关机设置CPU虚拟化
物理机要在BIOS里开启CPU虚拟化

#关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@142 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@142 ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config 

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted 
#安装依赖
yum -y install epel-release vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++

#验证CPU是否支持KVM；如果结果中有vmx（Intel）或svm(AMD)字样，就说明CPU的支持的
[root@142 ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
vmx
vmx
vmx
vmx
vmx
vmx
vmx
vmx

#kvm安装
yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools

`因为虚拟机中网络，我们一般都是和公司的其他服务器是同一个网段，所以我们需要把KVM服务器的网卡配置成桥接模式。这样的话KVM的虚拟机就可以通过该桥接网卡和公司内部其他服务器处于同一网段此处我的网卡是ens33，所以用br0来桥接ens33网卡`

[root@142 ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@142 network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-br0    ifdown-eth   ifdown-post    ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-eth   ifup-plip    ifup-sit       init.ipv6-global
ifcfg-ens33  ifdown-ib    ifdown-ppp     ifdown-tunnel    ifup-ib    ifup-plusb   ifup-Team      network-functions
ifcfg-lo     ifdown-ippp  ifdown-routes  ifup             ifup-ippp  ifup-post    ifup-TeamPort  network-functions-ipv6
ifdown       ifdown-ipv6  ifdown-sit     ifup-aliases     ifup-ipv6  ifup-ppp     ifup-tunnel
ifdown-bnep  ifdown-isdn  ifdown-Team    ifup-bnep        ifup-isdn  ifup-routes  ifup-wireless
[root@142 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0 
TYPE=Bridge
BOOTPROTO=static
NM_CONTROLLED=no
NAME=br0
DEVICE=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.59.142
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.59.2
DNS1=114.114.114.114
[root@142 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33 
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=ens33
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
NM_CONTROLLED=no

重启网络

[root@142 network-scripts]# systemctl restart network
[root@142 network-scripts]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:56:9e:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe56:9ed8/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:56:9e:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.59.142/24 brd 192.168.59.255 scope global br0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe56:9ed8/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:78:c6:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:78:c6:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

启动服务

[root@142 network-scripts]# systemctl start libvirtd
[root@142 network-scripts]# systemctl status libvirtd
● libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2021-07-22 12:27:59 EDT; 1 day 15h ago
     Docs: man:libvirtd(8)
           https://libvirt.org
 Main PID: 3186 (libvirtd)
    Tasks: 19 (limit: 32768)
   CGroup: /system.slice/libvirtd.service
           ├─3186 /usr/sbin/libvirtd
           ├─3301 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-script=/usr/...
           └─3302 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-script=/usr/...

Jul 22 12:28:00 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[3292]: listening on virbr0(#4): 192.168.122.1
Jul 22 12:28:00 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[3301]: started, version 2.76 cachesize 150
Jul 22 12:28:00 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[3301]: compile time options: IPv6 GNU-getopt DBus no-i18n IDN DHCP DHC...tify
Jul 22 12:28:00 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[3301]: DHCP, IP range 192.168.122.2 -- 192.168.122.254, lease time 1h
Jul 22 12:28:00 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[3301]: DHCP, sockets bound exclusively to interface virbr0
Jul 22 12:28:00 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[3301]: reading /etc/resolv.conf
Jul 22 12:28:00 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[3301]: using nameserver 114.114.114.114#53
Jul 22 12:28:00 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[3301]: read /etc/hosts - 2 addresses
Jul 22 12:28:00 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[3301]: read /var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.addnhosts - 0 addresses
Jul 22 12:28:00 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[3301]: read /var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.hostsfile
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

验证并测试安装结果

[root@142 ~]# lsmod |grep kvm
kvm_intel             188740  0 
kvm                   637289  1 kvm_intel
irqbypass              13503  1 kvm
[root@142 ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------

[root@142 ~]# virsh --version
4.5.0
[root@142 ~]# virt-install --version
1.5.0
[root@142 ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@142 ~]# which kvm
/usr/bin/which: no kvm in (/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin)
[root@142 ~]# which qemu-kvm
/usr/bin/qemu-kvm
#查看网桥信息
[root@142 ~]# brctl show
bridge name    bridge id        STP enabled    interfaces
br0        8000.000c29569ed8    no        ens33
virbr0        8000.52540078c602    yes        virbr0-nic

2 安装kvm web管理界面安装

#安装依赖包
[root@143~]# yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python-devel


#从github上下载webvirtmgr代码
[root@143 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@143 src]# git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git
Cloning into 'webvirtmgr'...


#安装webvirtmgr
[root@143 src]# cd webvirtmgr/
[root@143 webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt

#检查sqlite3是否安装
[root@143 webvirtmgr]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Nov 16 2020, 22:23:17) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sqlite3
>>> exit()

#初始化账号
[root@143 webvirtmgr]# python manage.py syncdb
WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.
Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site
Creating table servers_compute
Creating table instance_instance
Creating table create_flavor

You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes     //问你是否创建超级管理员帐号
Username (leave blank to use 'root'):   //指定超级管理员帐号用户名，默认留空为root
Email address: 790650910@qq.com     //设置超级管理员邮箱
Password:       //设置超级管理员密码
Password (again):       //再次输入超级管理员密码
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)

#拷贝网页到指定目录
[root@143 webvirtmgr]# cd ..
[root@143 src]# mkdir -p /var/www
[root@143 src]# cp -r webvirtmgr/ /var/www/
[root@143 src]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4096 Jul 24 05:29 webvirtmgr
[root@143 src]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/
[root@143 src]# ll /var/www/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 20 nginx nginx 4096 Jul 24 05:34 webvirtmgr

#生成秘钥
[root@143 src]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:NdHNeHbGYVEcS++sKTbRjctrFvRtNpurxf6xdHwpl1A root@143
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|          .. + O*|
|           .o B B|
|          o  o E.|
|         . . .o= |
|        S   .oo.=|
|             o+*B|
|            +.=%B|
|           . oO+=|
|             +o++|
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@143 src]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.59.142
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.59.142 (192.168.59.142)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:RmUyUj8k7idYXko0DM/lQzl4d7ycRPlbhGbFdd1zgvI.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:88:36:21:bf:3b:88:3e:ae:04:7e:df:47:1b:fd:6c:1d.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed


/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
^[[A
root@192.168.59.142's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.59.142'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@143 src]# ssh root@192.168.59.142 'date'
Sat Jul 24 05:40:04 EDT 2021

配置nginx

[root@143 nginx]# vim nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        location / {
            root html;
            index index.html index.htm;
        }

        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
    }
}

[root@143 nginx]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
server {
    listen 80 default_server;

    server_name $hostname;
    #access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log;

    location /static/ {
        root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr;
        expires max;
    }

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr;
        proxy_connect_timeout 600;
        proxy_read_timeout 600;
        proxy_send_timeout 600;
        client_max_body_size 1024M;
    }
}

#设置supervisord
[root@143 nginx]# vim /etc/supervisord.conf 
.....此处省略上面的内容，在文件最后加上以下内容
[program:webvirtmgr]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr.log
log_stderr=true
user=nginx

[program:webvirtmgr-console]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr-console.log
redirect_stderr=true
user=nginx

#启动supervisor并设置开机自启
[root@143 nginx]# systemctl enable --now supervisord
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/supervisord.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service.
[root@143 nginx]# systemctl status supervisord
● supervisord.service - Process Monitoring and Control Daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-07-24 06:51:36 EDT; 1min 47s ago
  Process: 3002 ExecStart=/usr/bin/supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 3005 (supervisord)
    Tasks: 3
   CGroup: /system.slice/supervisord.service
           ├─3005 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf
           └─3006 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console

Jul 24 06:51:36 143 systemd[1]: Starting Process Monitoring and Control Daemon...
Jul 24 06:51:36 143 systemd[1]: Started Process Monitoring and Control Daemon.

[root@143 nginx]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                Local Address:Port                               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      5                     192.168.122.1:53                                            *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                               *:22                                            *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                       127.0.0.1:25                                            *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                       127.0.0.1:6010                                          *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                               *:8000                                          *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                               *:6080                                          *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                               *:111                                           *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                               *:80                                            *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                            [::]:22                                         [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                           [::1]:25                                         [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                           [::1]:6010                                       [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                            [::]:111                                        [::]:*

配置Nginx用户

[root@143 nginx]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash
-bash-4.2$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:KkK+usTho4uDmsdpTERv68wtC6f9qINPZqtEi05DbW0 nginx@143
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|                 |
|  .              |
| . .             |
|  o +            |
| =.+ E  S        |
|*o= o  .         |
|o#B=o..          |
|@=XO=o.          |
|@@*o++.          |
+----[SHA256]-----+
-bash-4.2$ 
-bash-4.2$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.59.142
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.59.142 (192.168.59.142)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:RmUyUj8k7idYXko0DM/lQzl4d7ycRPlbhGbFdd1zgvI.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:88:36:21:bf:3b:88:3e:ae:04:7e:df:47:1b:fd:6c:1d.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.59.142's password: 
Authentication failed.
-bash-4.2$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.59.142
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.59.142's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.59.142'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

-bash-4.2$ ssh root@192.168.59.142 'date'
Sat Jul 24 12:08:32 EDT 2021

#远程连接配置
[root@143 nginx]# vim /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[Remote libvirt SSH access]
Identity=unix-user:root
Action=org.libvirt.unix.manage
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes

#重启服务
[root@143 nginx]# systemctl restart nginx 
[root@142 ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd