--使用root用户备份

 su - root

 mkdir -p /oracle/data_dump/backup_soft

 nohup tar -cvf /oracle/data_dump/backup_soft/oracle_`date +\%Y\%m\%d`.tar            /oracle/app/oracle             >/oracle/data_dump/backup_soft/oracle.tar.log &

 nohup tar -cvf /oracle/data_dump/backup_soft/12.1.0_`date +\%Y\%m\%d`.tar            /oracle/app/12.1.             >/oracle/data_dump/backup_soft/12.1..tar.log &

 nohup tar -cvf /oracle/data_dump/backup_soft/grid_`date +\%Y\%m\%d`.tar              /oracle/app/grid               >/oracle/data_dump/backup_soft/grid.tar.log &

 nohup tar -cvf /oracle/data_dump/backup_soft/oraInventory_`date +\%Y\%m\%d`.tar      /oracle/app/oraInventory       >/oracle/data_dump/backup_soft/oraInventory.tar.log &

 nohup tar -cvf /oracle/data_dump/backup_soft/etc_`date +\%Y\%m\%d`.tar               /etc                           >/oracle/data_dump/backup_soft/etc.tar.log &

 --当前数据库程序目录

 drwxrwxrwx     grid     oinstall         Jul  : 12.1.

 drwxrwxrwx    grid     oinstall        Jul  : grid

 drwxrwxrwx     grid     oinstall         Jul  : oraInventory

 drwxrwxrwx     oracle   oinstall         Jul  : oracle

 --修改程序目录名

 su - root

 mv 12.1.        12.1.0_20180727

 mv grid          grid_20180727

 mv oraInventory  oraInventory_20180727

 mv oracle        oracle_20180727

 --解压备份的程序文件,解压后权限都在,直接启集群即可（AIX环境会解压到原路径，Linux则不会解压到原路径！）

 tar -xvf /oracle/data_dump/backup_soft/oracle.tar

 tar -xvf /oracle/data_dump/backup_soft/12.1..tar

 tar -xvf /oracle/data_dump/backup_soft/grid.tar

 tar -xvf /oracle/data_dump/backup_soft/oraInventory.tar